Hypogeous fungi in Mediterranean maquis, arid and semi-arid forests

Hypogeous fungi are common in arid and semi-arid areas of the Mediterranean basin and, in particular, they are found in Italy, Spain, northern African countries (especially in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia), and in the Middle East. These fungi and, in particular, some species belonging to the genus Tuber and the desert truffles (Terfezia spp. and Tirmania spp.) form ascomata of considerable economic value. In this review, a panorama of hypogeous fungal diversity and information on their ecology in Mediterranean arid and semi-arid ecosystems have been reported; their economical importance and cultivation potential are also underlined.

地下生真菌（Hypogeous fungi）广泛分布于地中海盆地的干旱与半干旱区域，尤其见于意大利、西班牙、北非诸国（尤以摩洛哥、阿尔及利亚、突尼斯为甚）以及中东地区。此类真菌，尤其是隶属于块菌属（Tuber）的物种，以及沙漠松露（Terfezia spp.与Tirmania spp.）所形成的子囊果（ascomata），均具有可观的经济价值。本综述系统梳理了地中海干旱与半干旱生态系统中地下生真菌的多样性概况及其生态学信息，并着重强调了其经济价值与栽培潜力。