A pedestrian dynamics model based on heuristics considering contact force information and static friction

Simulating pedestrian flow through individual models is a powerful method to uncover mechanisms underlying collective behaviors. The heuristic force-based model is a promising approach, but it has problems both in theory and in application. Therefore, we propose a modified heuristic force-based model that considers contact force information and static friction in this paper. We propose a heuristic to take contact forces simultaneously as the information that affects self-driven forces, which has not been studied before. We express self-driven forces through static friction, because motion of pedestrians is actually dependent on the static friction between pedestrians and ground, which has not been considered before. Our model successfully addresses a well-known problem related to force-based models, namely the unrealistic backward motion of the last people repulsed by the preceding one. Besides, our model reproduces the bypass movement in a narrow space well, while the previous model will cause an unrealistic rebound phenomenon.