A Practice-Based Protocol for Optimizing Art Exhibition Display Design via Spatial Zoning, Interpretive Labeling, and Visitor Feedback

Art exhibition display design profoundly shapes visitor navigation, interpretive engagement, and overall experience. Yet, spatial layout, labeling, and visitor feedback are typically evaluated in isolation, obscuring the impact of coordinated design decisions. This study introduces a practice-based protocol integrating functional spatial zoning, hierarchical interpretive labeling, timing-and-tracking observation, and structured post-visit feedback. A prospective, two-period comparative design evaluated an indoor art exhibition under conventional and optimized display conditions (N = 260; 130 per condition). The optimized protocol divided the exhibition into six functional zones, established a distinct route hierarchy, and standardized label dimensions and placement. Primary outcomes included wayfinding clarity, route deviations, label-read rate, immediate recall, and overall satisfaction, alongside secondary behavioral and experiential metrics. Relative to the conventional baseline, the optimized display significantly improved wayfinding clarity, label-read rates (+11.1 percentage points), immediate recall (+0.80 points), and overall satisfaction (+0.33 points). While route deviations decreased marginally, the optimized condition yielded longer label engagement, superior interpretive understanding, expanded zone coverage, and reduced visual fatigue. Backtracking, perceived crowding, and emotional resonance remained largely unaffected. This protocol offers a reproducible framework connecting display-design decisions with visitor movement, learning, and evaluation. Results demonstrate that coordinated spatial and interpretive optimization selectively enhances distinct dimensions of exhibition utilization rather than uniformly altering all facets of the visitor experience.艺术展览展示设计深刻塑造观众的参观动线、阐释性参与度与整体观展体验。然而当前学界对空间布局、展陈标识及观众反馈的评估通常各自为政，难以揭示协同化设计决策的实际影响。本研究提出一套基于实践的标准化研究方案，整合功能空间分区、层级化阐释标识、计时追踪观测与结构化参观后反馈四大模块。本研究采用前瞻性两阶段对照设计，针对某室内艺术展览，分别在常规展陈与优化展陈两种条件下开展评估（总样本量N=260，每组各130名观众）。优化方案将展览划分为六个功能分区，确立清晰的参观动线层级，并统一了标识的尺寸与摆放位置。核心评估指标涵盖寻路清晰度、动线偏离度、标识阅读率、即时回忆得分与整体满意度，同时辅以次要行为与体验指标。相较于常规展陈基准组，优化展陈组的寻路清晰度、标识阅读率（提升11.1个百分点）、即时回忆得分（提升0.80分）与整体满意度（提升0.33分）均得到显著改善。尽管动线偏离度小幅下降，但优化展陈组观众的标识关注时长更长、阐释性理解更深入、展区覆盖范围更广，且视觉疲劳程度更低。观众的折返动线、感知拥挤度与情感共鸣则基本未受影响。该研究方案提供了一套可复现的分析框架，能够将展陈设计决策与观众动线、学习体验及评估结果关联起来。研究结果表明，协同化空间与阐释性优化能够针对性地提升展览利用的不同维度，而非全面改变观众观展体验的所有方面。