Factors influencing nest site selection of the Laughing Dove (Spilopelia senegalensis) in an urban area in Karaj, Iran

Urban habitats are rapidly changing, making the conservation and management of species adapted to these environments challenging. Nest site selection is a pivotal point in the process of habitat selection and breeding for bird species. We measured 10 structural and spatial characteristics at 32 nest presence sites and 64 randomly selected nest absence sites of Laughing Doves (Spilopelia senegalensis) in an urban environment in Karaj, Iran. To model the nest site selection, we performed spline binary logistic regression. Two variables significantly influenced the nest site selection of Laughing Doves: nest height above ground, with an optimal range of ~286–347 cm, and nest concealment, favoring invisible places from the front and sides. Distance to opposite building, with an optimal range of ~16–34 m, was marginally significant. Additionally, we surveyed the feasibility of occupying artificial nestboxes (n = 17) by Laughing Doves between February and September 2019. The occupancy rate of..., From 25 February to 3 April 2019, we searched both sides of the streets and alleys, alternating between going and returning on foot from morning to afternoon, ensuring each side was searched once. Moreover, from 29 February to 15 March 2019, we directly approached 82 local residents from our own neighborhood, familiar to us, asking them to report any Laughing Dove nests they observed in the study area. Additionally, we requested that they encourage others to do the same. As a result, we believe that even more individuals indirectly contributed to our study. Based on the assumption that the abandoned nests were built in favorable places by this bird, we also recorded and accounted for them as nest presence sites. The tools and devices used in sampling included a tape measure, a Global Positioning System (GPS) device from Garmin® (USA), a sliding ladder, a compass, and a closed-circuit television (CCTV). Until 3 April 2019, we recorded 32 nest presence sites, 10 of which (31.2%) were foun..., , # Data from: Factors influencing nest site selection of the Laughing Dove *(Spilopelia senegalensis)* in an urban area in Karaj, Iran

“Presence and Absence data.txt” and “Nest box data.txt” include 11 columns:

* **P_A**: (P) nest presence sites and (A) nest absence sites. For “Nest box data.txt,” (Occupied) and (Unoccupied).

- **HEIGHT**: Nest height above ground (cm)

* **CEILING**: Nest to ceiling height(cm)
* **H_CEILING**: Nest horizontal distance to ceiling edge (cm)
* **TREE_DIST**: Distance to nearest tree (m)
* **BUILD_DIST**: Distance to opposite building (m)
* **GREEN_DIST**: Distance to green space (m)
* **NEST_DIST**: Distance to nearest counterpart nest (m)
* **CONCEAL**: Nest concealment includes (A) invisible from the front and sides, (B) invisible from the front but visible from one side, and (C) visible from the front but invisible from the sides.
* **B_STRUCT**: Base structure includes (A) shop boards, (B) building frontispieces, and (C) building balconies.

- **B_...

城市生境正经历快速变化，这使得适应这类环境的物种的保护与管理工作面临诸多挑战。对于鸟类而言，巢址选择是生境选择与繁殖过程中的关键环节。我们在伊朗卡拉季的城市环境中，对笑鸠（Laughing Dove，*Spilopelia senegalensis*）的32个巢址存在点与64个随机选取的巢址不存在点，测量了10项结构与空间特征。为构建巢址选择模型，我们采用了样条二元逻辑回归（spline binary logistic regression）分析。有两项变量对笑鸠的巢址选择产生了显著影响：一是巢距地面高度，其最优区间约为286~347厘米；二是巢体隐蔽性，偏好正面与侧面均不可见的位置。距对面建筑的距离（最优区间约16~34米）则呈现边际显著性。此外，我们于2019年2月至9月期间，调查了笑鸠利用17个人工巢箱的可行性。其占用率为……

2019年2月25日至4月3日，我们于上午至下午时段往返步行遍历街巷两侧，确保每一侧均被排查一次。此外，2019年2月29日至3月15日期间，我们直接走访了社区内熟悉的82位本地居民，邀请他们上报研究区域内观察到的笑鸠巢，并鼓励他们动员身边人一同参与。我们认为，即便未直接参与上报的居民也间接为本次研究提供了帮助。基于“废弃巢均筑于该鸟类偏好的位点”这一假设，我们同样记录了废弃巢并将其纳入巢址存在点样本。本次采样使用的工具与设备包括卷尺、佳明（Garmin®，美国）品牌的全球定位系统（GPS）设备、伸缩梯、罗盘以及闭路电视（CCTV）。截至2019年4月3日，我们共记录到32个巢址存在点，其中10个（31.2%）被发现……

# 数据来源：伊朗卡拉季城市区域笑鸠（*Spilopelia senegalensis*）巢址选择影响因素研究

"Presence and Absence data.txt"与"Nest box data.txt"均包含11列数据：
- **P_A**：标记巢址存在（P）与不存在（A）；对于"Nest box data.txt"，则为已占用（Occupied）与未占用（Unoccupied）。
- **HEIGHT**：巢距地面高度（单位：厘米）
- **CEILING**：巢至顶部结构的高度（单位：厘米）
- **H_CEILING**：巢至顶部结构边缘的水平距离（单位：厘米）
- **TREE_DIST**：至最近树木的距离（单位：米）
- **BUILD_DIST**：至对面建筑的距离（单位：米）
- **GREEN_DIST**：至绿地的距离（单位：米）
- **NEST_DIST**：至最近同类巢的距离（单位：米）
- **CONCEAL**：巢体隐蔽性等级，其中(A)正面与侧面均不可见，(B)正面不可见但单侧可见，(C)正面可见但侧面不可见。
- **B_STRUCT**：基底结构类型，其中(A)商铺隔板，(B)建筑外立面，(C)建筑阳台。

- **B_...