THE YOUNG TURKS MOVEMENT AND ITS POLITICAL IMPACT ON THE LATE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Annotation This article examines the Young Turk movement as one of the most decisive forces in the late Ottoman Empire. By analyzing its origins, ideological contradictions, political practices, and long-term legacy, it evaluates the movement’s dual role as both a reformist and authoritarian power. Drawing on contemporary literature and historical scholarship, the study argues that the Young Turks not only shaped the Second Constitutional Era but also laid the intellectual and institutional groundwork for the Republic of Turkey. The contradictions within their policies—between constitutionalism and centralization, nationalism and multiethnic coexistence—are considered crucial for understanding both the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the birth of the modern Turkish state .数据集注释 本文将青年土耳其运动（Young Turk movement）视为奥斯曼帝国（Ottoman Empire）晚期最具决定性的历史力量之一。通过剖析该运动的起源、思想矛盾、政治实践与长期历史遗产，本文评估了其兼具改良主义与威权主义的双重属性。本研究依托当代文献与史学研究成果，指出青年土耳其党人不仅塑造了第二宪政时期（Second Constitutional Era），更为土耳其共和国（Republic of Turkey）奠定了思想与制度基础。其政策中存在的诸多矛盾——比如宪政主义与中央集权、民族主义与多民族共存之间的张力——对于理解奥斯曼帝国的覆灭与现代土耳其国家的诞生均具有关键意义。