SAMI3 data in netCDF format (2019-Apr-28)

SAMI3 (Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere) is a seamless, three-dimensional, physics-based model of the ionosphere (Huba et al, 2008). It is based on SAMI2, a two-dimensional model of the ionosphere (Huba et al., 2000). <br><br>SAMI3 models the plasma and chemical evolution of seven ion species (H⁺, He⁺, N⁺, O⁺, N⁺₂, NO⁺ and O⁺₂). The temperature equation is solved for three ion species (H⁺, He⁺ and O⁺) and for the electrons. Ion inertia is included in the ion momentum equation for motion along the geomagnetic field. This is important in modeling the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere where the plasma becomes collisionless. <br><br>SAMI3 includes 21 chemical reactions and radiative recombination, and uses a nonorthogonal, nonuniform, fixed grid for the magnetic latitude range +/- 89 degrees.. <br><br><b>Drivers</b><br>Neutral composition, temperature, and winds: NRLMSISE00 (Picone et al., 2002) and HWM14 (Drob et al., 2015). <br>Solar radiation: Flare Irradiance Spectral Model version 2 (FISM v2)<br>Magnetic field: Richmond apex model [Richmond, 1995]. <br>Neutral wind dynamo electric field: Determined from the solution of a 2D potential equation [Huba et at., 2008]. <br>For the SAMI3/Weimer configuration: High latitude electric field: calculated from the empirical Weimer model for the potential. <br>For the SAMI3/AMPERE configuration: High latitude electric field: calculated using the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling solver (MIX) developed by Merkin and Lyon (2010). The inputs to MIX are SAMI3's internal conductances, plus field-aligned current observations from Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE), derived from the 66+ satellite Iridium NEXT constellation's engineering magnetometer data. This potential calculation is described in Chartier et al (2022). <br><br>For ease of use, SAMI3 output is remapped to a regular grid using the Earth System Modeling Framework by Hill et al (2004)SAMI3（全称Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere，即电离层模型）是一款无缝衔接、三维且基于物理原理的电离层（ionosphere）模型（Huba等人，2008年）。其研发基于SAMI2——一款二维电离层模型（Huba等人，2000年）。 SAMI3可模拟7种离子（H⁺、He⁺、N⁺、O⁺、N⁺₂、NO⁺及O⁺₂）的等离子体与化学演化过程。该模型针对H⁺、He⁺、O⁺三类离子以及电子求解温度方程，并在沿地磁场运动的离子动量方程中纳入离子惯性项。这一设计对于模拟等离子体无碰撞的顶部电离层与等离子体层而言至关重要。 SAMI3涵盖21种化学反应与辐射复合过程，并针对磁纬度范围±89°采用非正交、非均匀的固定网格。 **驱动项** 中性成分、温度与风场：采用NRLMSISE00（Picone等人，2002年）与HWM14（Drob等人，2015年）模型。 太阳辐射：采用耀斑辐照度光谱模型第2版（Flare Irradiance Spectral Model version 2，FISM v2）。 磁场：采用Richmond顶点模型[Richmond，1995年]。 中性风发电机电场：通过二维电势方程的求解结果确定[Huba等人，2008年]。 针对SAMI3/Weimer配置方案：高纬度电场通过经验性Weimer电势模型计算得到。 针对SAMI3/AMPERE配置方案：高纬度电场采用Merkin与Lyon于2010年开发的磁层-电离层耦合求解器（Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling solver，MIX）进行计算。MIX的输入数据包括SAMI3的内部电导率，以及源自66颗以上铱星NEXT（Iridium NEXT）星座工程磁力计观测数据的主动磁层与行星电动力学响应实验（Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment，AMPERE）场向电流观测数据。该电势计算方法详见Chartier等人2022年的研究成果。 为便于使用，SAMI3的输出结果通过Hill等人2004年提出的地球系统建模框架（Earth System Modeling Framework）重映射至规则网格。