BKT BTS Location

In this paper, a comprehensive study on the optimization of energy, capacity, and coverage in 5G stand-alone mixed cell networks in Bhaktapur, Nepal is performed. The research focuses on urban, suburban, and rural areas, achieving a coverage capacity of 98%, a data rate of 50 Mbps, and energy savingsof up to 28%. Various metaheuristic optimization algorithms, including Ant Colony Optimization, Ant Lion Optimization, Biogeography-Based Optimization, Differential Evolution, Fire\ufb02y Algorithm, Grey Wolf Optimization, Flower Pollination Algorithm, Marine Predator Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization,Salp Swarm Algorithm, and Whale Optimization Algorithm were employed to enhance the placement of Remote Radio Units. The mixed cell architecture integrates macro-RRUs operating at 3.5 GHz, microRRUs at 28 GHz, and RRUs at 700 MHz, ensuring energy effciency while meeting user demands. Capacitydimensioning was based on demographic distribution and user requirements, with mathematical operations performed to assess link budgets, capacity, coverage, and energy consumption. MPA performed in the bestoptimized location, data rate and energy consumption.