Conditioned place preference reveals ongoing pain in calves 3 weeks after disbudding

The authors initiated a retraction over concerns relating to irregularities found in the raw data. Concerns relating to the data can be found in the retraction notice: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-88692-z Hot-iron disbudding, a routine procedure that prevents horn bud growth through cauterization, is painful for calves. The resulting burns remain sensitive to touch for weeks, but it is unknown whether calves experience ongoing, non-evoked pain. We evaluated conditioned place preference for analgesia in 44 calves disbudded or sham-disbudded 6 hours (Day 0) or 20 days (Day 20) before testing (n = 11/treatment). Calves were conditioned to associate the effects of a lidocaine cornual nerve block with the location and pattern of a visual stimulus, and a control injection of saline with the contrasting stimulus. On Day 0, disbudded calves tended to prefer the lidocaine-paired stimulus over the saline-paired one, suggesting that they found analgesia rewarding. On Day 20, sham cal..., These details are provided in the orginal article, but please note that this has been retracted. , We do not recommend use of these data. This article has been retracted.  Data were collected from the University of California Davis Dairy Facility on 44 calves in 2017. Variables are defined in Sheet 2 of each Excel file. The R script used to analyze each dataset is provided., # Data from: Conditioned place preference reveals ongoing pain in calves 3 weeks after disbudding [https://doi.org/10.25338/B8NS56](https://doi.org/10.25338/B8NS56) ## Description of the data and file structure These are data and code from a conditioned place preference study with dairy calves. ### Files and variables #### File: Adcock\_Tucker\_2020\_Conditioning\_Trials\_Data\_Analysis.R **Description:** R script for conditioning trials #### File: Adcock\_Tucker\_2020\_Preference\_Test\_and\_Wound\_Sensitivity\_Data\_Analysis.R **Description:** R script for preference and wound sensitivity data #### File: Adcock\_Tucker\_2020\_Conditioning\_Trials\_Data.xlsx **Description:** Sheet 1 contains data; Sheet 2 is the key explaining each column name ##### Variables * #### File: Adcock\_Tucker\_2020\_Preference\_Test\_and\_Wound\_Sensitivity\_Data.xlsx **Description:** Sheet 1 contains data; Sheet 2 is the key explaining each column name ##### Variables * #### File: Adcock\...作者因发现原始数据存在异常而启动撤稿程序。有关该数据的相关疑虑可参见撤稿通知：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-88692-z 烙铁去角术（hot-iron disbudding）是一种通过烧灼阻止犊牛角芽生长的常规操作，该操作会使犊牛产生痛感。术后形成的灼伤创面在数周内仍对触碰敏感，但目前尚不清楚犊牛是否会持续存在非诱发性疼痛。本研究针对44头犊牛开展了条件位置偏好（conditioned place preference）实验，分别在去角或假去角处理（sham-disbudded）后6小时（第0天）或20天（第20天）进行测试，每组处理对应11头犊牛。实验中，研究人员将利多卡因角神经阻滞的效应与视觉刺激的位置、模式建立关联，同时以生理盐水注射作为对照，与另一组视觉刺激形成配对。在第0天，接受去角处理的犊牛表现出偏好利多卡因配对刺激的趋势，提示镇痛对其具有奖赏效应。在第20天，假处理组犊牛……相关细节详见原论文，但请注意本文已被撤稿。我们不建议使用本数据集。本文已被撤稿。 数据集采集自2017年加州大学戴维斯分校乳品设施的44头犊牛。各Excel文件的第2工作表定义了变量信息。用于分析各数据集的R脚本已一并提供。 # 数据来自：《条件位置偏好实验揭示犊牛去角术后3周存在持续性疼痛》 [https://doi.org/10.25338/B8NS56] ## 数据与文件结构说明 本数据集包含针对乳用犊牛的条件位置偏好研究相关数据与代码。 ### 文件与变量 #### 文件：Adcock_Tucker_2020_Conditioning_Trials_Data_Analysis.R **说明：** 用于条件化实验的R脚本 #### 文件：Adcock_Tucker_2020_Preference_Test_and_Wound_Sensitivity_Data_Analysis.R **说明：** 用于偏好测试与创面敏感性数据分析的R脚本 #### 文件：Adcock_Tucker_2020_Conditioning_Trials_Data.xlsx **说明：** 第1工作表包含原始数据；第2工作表为各列名称的变量说明 ##### 变量 * #### 文件：Adcock_Tucker_2020_Preference_Test_and_Wound_Sensitivity_Data.xlsx **说明：** 第1工作表包含原始数据；第2工作表为各列名称的变量说明 ##### 变量 * #### 文件：Adcock...