Research Update on the Impact of Milbemycin Oxime in the Context of Expanding the use of Macrocyclic Lactones

Milbemycin oxime is a macrocyclic lactone (ML), chemically similar to avermectin. Discovered, a decade later, by Japanese researchers from the Kitasato Institute, milbemycin is characterized by small structural differences from avermectins, which are given by the lack of substitution at the level of the C-13 group of the macrolide ring, for the avermectin molecule being specific the substitution of the bis-oleandroxyl group (saccharide). The purpose of this bibliographic study is to synthesize and review a set of research focused on the veterinary impact of macrocyclic lactones, updating the use of Milbemycin oximine in the therapy of canine helminthiasis. In carrying out the study, extensive documentation was carried out based on the analysis of current research accessed on the Pubmed/Medline and Google Scholar sites, using as search terms "macrocyclic lactones, milbemycin oxime, avermectins, helminthiasis, and dogs". The synthesis of the analyzed information revealed that the milbemycin molecule presents certain superior pharma-cotherapeutic characteristics to macrocyclic lactones in general, the discovery of this active molecule contributes to the achievement of important progress in agro-biological research and practice, as well as in ensuring the well-being of animals. Thus, it is now well known that the MLs pharmacological group includes the avermectin and milbemycin subfamilies and that among them milbemycin oxime is particularly active, which also inhibits the growth of mycobacteria. The acaricidal activity of milbemycin can also be mentioned, and it has been confirmed as one of the most important effects of this active substance. Keywords: Avermectins, Dog, Helminthiasis, Macrocyclic lactones, Milbemycin oxime米尔贝肟（Milbemycin oxime）属于大环内酯类（macrocyclic lactone, ML），其化学结构与阿维菌素（avermectin）相似。由北里研究所（Kitasato Institute）的日本研究人员于十年后发现的米尔贝霉素（milbemycin），与阿维菌素仅存在细微结构差异：阿维菌素分子的大环内酯环C-13位带有双竹桃糖苷（bis-oleandroxyl）取代基，而米尔贝霉素无该位置的取代。本文献研究旨在综合梳理聚焦于大环内酯类兽药效应的一系列研究，并更新米尔贝肟在犬蠕虫病治疗中的应用方案。研究过程中，团队通过检索PubMed/Medline及Google Scholar平台的最新研究文献，以“大环内酯类、米尔贝肟、阿维菌素、蠕虫病、犬”为检索词，开展了广泛的文献调研与分析。对所获信息的综合梳理显示，相较于普通大环内酯类药物，米尔贝霉素分子具备更优异的治疗学特性；该活性分子的发现为农业生物学研究与实践以及保障动物福利均带来了重要进展。因此，目前学界已明确：大环内酯类药理学群组包含阿维菌素与米尔贝霉素两个亚家族，其中米尔贝肟的活性尤为突出，同时还可抑制分枝杆菌（mycobacteria）的生长。此外，米尔贝霉素还具备杀螨活性，该活性已被证实为该活性物质的核心药效之一。 关键词：阿维菌素、犬、蠕虫病、大环内酯类、米尔贝肟