Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions 1947 to 1966 - Double sided map

A double sided map titled Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions 1947-1966 was published in 1989. It included details on Phillip Law and the history of Australians in Antarctica and all ANARE expeditions during this time. This zip file contains two text documents containing this text.Australia's long history of involvement in Antarctica has its foundations in the 19th century. In its early years Australia depended on the sea for its trade and communications and was conscious of the vast unknown region that lay close to the south. Because of this proximity it was inevitable that Australia became closely involved in Antarctic exploration. The sailing vessels upon which the colonies depended for their supplies and trade with Europe followed the Great Circle routes south of the Cape of Good Hope and sought the favourable westerly winds found well to the south. These voyages brought familiarity with the high latitudes, but were not without risk -in the second year of settlement HMS Guardian was almost lost after striking an iceberg. From the first days of colonisation in 1788, Australia was closely associated with sealing and whaling industries. These industries rapidly assumed commercial importance but, as Australian waters became exhausted, the attention of sealers and whalers turned inevitably to the subantarctic islands. By 1820, just ten years after the discovery of Macquarie Island, the fur seal had been virtually exterminated and elephant seals were being slaughtered for their oil. Over-exploitation around Australia also forced whalers to explore the southern waters. The Hobart barque Venus reached 72 degrees S in search of whales in 1831. Its return to Australia with a cargo of sperm whale oil stimulated others to explore the far south. Elsewhere around Antarctica other voyages by English, American and Russian vessels were making significant discoveries. The geographic and scientific exploration of Antarctica was thus encouraged by the early commercial ventures.Many explorers bound for the Antarctic, including John Biscoe, Charles Wilkes, Dumont d'Urville and James Clark Ross, visited Australia for supplies for their southern journeys. The use of Hobart as a port of call for most of these expeditions and its support for the southern sealing and whaling industries fostered Australian interest in Antarctica.

1989年出版了一幅双面地图，标题为《1947-1966年澳大利亚国家南极研究考察队（Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions，ANARE）》。该地图详细记载了菲利普·劳的相关事迹、澳大利亚人在南极的活动历史，以及这一时期所有ANARE考察队的相关情况。本压缩包内含两份记载上述内容的文本文件。澳大利亚参与南极事务的悠久历史可追溯至19世纪。建国初期，澳大利亚的贸易与对外通信高度依赖海上航线，同时对紧邻其南部的广袤未知区域抱有高度关注。鉴于地缘邻近性，澳大利亚深度参与南极探索实属必然。当时澳大利亚各殖民地赖以获取物资、开展对欧贸易的帆船，均沿好望角以南的大圆航线航行，并借助南纬海域的盛行西风提升航速。此类远航让船员逐渐熟悉高纬度海域，但也伴随极高风险：澳大利亚定居点建立的次年，即1789年，HMS Guardian号便因撞击冰山险些沉没。自1788年殖民时代开启以来，澳大利亚便与海豹捕猎、捕鲸产业深度绑定。这些产业很快具备了商业价值，但随着澳大利亚周边海域的资源逐渐枯竭，海豹捕猎者与捕鲸人不可避免地将目光转向亚南极群岛。1810年麦夸里岛被发现后仅十年，到1820年，当地的海狗便已几乎被捕杀殆尽，人们转而猎杀象海豹以获取其油脂。澳大利亚周边海域的过度捕捞同样迫使捕鲸人前往更南部的海域探索。1831年，来自霍巴特的纵帆船“维纳斯号”为搜寻鲸群抵达南纬72度海域，其满载抹香鲸油返回澳大利亚的举动，进一步刺激了更多人前往南极远海探索。与此同时，英国、美国与俄罗斯的船只也在南极周边开展多次远航，并取得多项重大地理与科学发现。早期的商业探险活动由此推动了南极的地理与科学探索进程。诸多前往南极的探险家，包括约翰·比斯科、查尔斯·威尔克斯、迪蒙·迪维尔与詹姆斯·克拉克·罗斯，均曾到访澳大利亚以补充南下航行所需的物资。霍巴特港作为绝大多数此类考察队的停靠港，加之其对南极海豹捕猎与捕鲸产业的支持，进一步激发了澳大利亚民众对南极的兴趣。