The single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility datasets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Chinese Holstein cattle

This study is performed in the frame of a bigger study dedicated to the integrated analysis of the single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility datasets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with a large-scale GWAS of 45 complex traits in Chinese Holstein cattle. In dairy cattle, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a crucial mediator of chronic inflammation to modulate immune responses. PBMCs include primary T and B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes (Mono), and dendritic cells (DC). It still remains unknown how LPS stimulated PBMCs at the single-cell level in dairy cattle. Therefore, the single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility datasets in this study enable the further understanding and application of the cell types and functions of PBMCs and their responses to LPS stimulation in vitro in other studies. Four whole blood samples were collected from four 2-year old Holstein female lactating cattle through the tail vein. Afterwards, they were mixed in one pool and evenly divided into four replicates. Four whole-blood treatments for each replicate included one control (no LPS) treatment and three case treatments (2 h, 4 h, and 8 h LPS), where 2 µg/ml LPS (Product Number: L2880, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) was used at 37 °C.