Chalcedony with cassiterite BIRUG 24

BIRUG 24 is predominantly a specimen of chalcedony – a microcrystalline variety of silicon dioxide (quartz being the most usual and recognisable silicon dioxide form), but also contains cassiterite (tin oxide) – the primary ore of tin. Scientifically speaking, "chalcedony" describes sub- and microscopic "fibrous" quartz crystals, but more generally it can include all microcrystalline varieties of quartz including jasper, agate, carnelian and onyx. It usually displays a botryoidal crystal form (grape-like). The name comes from the town of "Chalcedon" mentioned by Agricola (1546) (now called "Kadıköy" – a district in Istanbul). Cassiterite is named after the "Cassiterides" meaning 'islands off the west coast of Europe' in pre-Roman times. It is debated as to where this means exactly, current possibilities include Ireland and Great Britain, or even mainland Spain. This specimen was donated to the Museum in 1915 by W. McLean and was digitised by Courtney Szanto, using an Artec Spider 3D scanner. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / SketchfabBIRUG 24 主要成分为玉髓（chalcedony）——一种微晶质二氧化硅变体，石英则是最常见且辨识度最高的二氧化硅形态；该标本同时还含有锡石（cassiterite，即氧化锡，为锡的主要矿石）。 从科学定义而言，“玉髓”指代亚微米级与微米级的“纤维状”石英晶体，但广义上可涵盖所有微晶质石英变体，包括碧玉、玛瑙、肉红玉髓与缟玛瑙。其通常呈葡萄状晶形（botryoidal）。 玉髓的名称源自阿格里科拉（Agricola，1546年）所提及的卡尔西顿（Chalcedon）镇，该镇如今名为卡德柯伊（Kadıköy），是土耳其伊斯坦布尔的一个行政区。 锡石的命名源自“卡西特里德斯（Cassiterides）”一词，该词在古罗马时代前意为“欧洲西海岸外的岛屿”。其具体所指至今尚存争议，目前的候选地点包括爱尔兰、大不列颠岛，乃至西班牙本土。 该标本于1915年由W. 麦克林（W. McLean）捐赠至该博物馆，并由考特尼·桑托（Courtney Szanto）使用Artec Spider 3D扫描仪完成数字化处理。 数据来源：Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab