Implementing social network analysis to understand the socio-ecology of wildlife co-occurrence and joint interactions with humans in anthropogenic environments

1. Human population expansion into wildlife habitats has increased interest in the behavioral ecology of human-wildlife interactions. To date, however, the socio-ecological factors that determine whether, when or where wild animals take risks by interacting with humans and anthropogenic factors still remains unclear.

2. We adopt a comparative approach to address this gap, using social network analysis (SNA). SNA, increasingly implemented to determine human impact on wildlife ecology, can be a powerful tool to understand how animal socioecology influences the spatiotemporal distribution of human-wildlife interactions.

3. For 10 groups of rhesus, long-tailed, and bonnet macaques (Macaca spp.) living in anthropogenically-impacted environments in Asia, we collected data on human-macaque interactions, animal demographics, and macaque-macaque agonistic and affiliative social interactions. We constructed ‘human co-interaction networks’ based on associations between macaques that interact...

1. 人类向野生动物栖息地的扩张活动，使得学界对人兽互作行为生态学的研究兴趣日益高涨。然而截至目前，决定野生动物因与人类及人为因素互动而承担风险的时机、地点与方式的社会生态因素，仍未明确。
2. 我们采用比较研究方法，结合社会网络分析（Social Network Analysis, SNA）来填补这一研究空白。当前，社会网络分析正愈发广泛地被应用于评估人类活动对野生动物生态学的影响，其可作为解析动物社会生态学如何影响人兽互作时空分布的有力工具。
3. 我们针对亚洲地区10群栖息于人为干扰环境中的恒河猴、长尾猕猴以及帽猴（Macaca spp.）开展研究，收集了人猴互动、动物种群统计特征，以及猕猴种内攻击性与亲和性社会互动的相关数据。我们基于存在互动关联的猕猴构建了"人类共互作网络"（human co-interaction networks），其构建依据为……