Comparison of RMSD values (in Å) of the predicted models to the native structure for targets in the RNA3DB dataset.

trRosettaRNA has the lowest average RMSD (15.38 Å) on this dataset followed by the DRFold method (15.91 Å). RMSD for the fragment-assembly-based methods (3DRNA and RNAComposer) is higher than that of the deep-learning-based methods, but the difference is comparatively much smaller than on the other datasets. RosettaFold2NA has almost similar performance to the FA-based methods as the MSA depth of orphan RNA’s is poor.