The Neotropical annual killifish genus Pterolebias Garman (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic relationships, descriptive morphology, and taxonomic revision.

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Wilson J. E. M. Costa (2005): The Neotropical annual killifish genus Pterolebias Garman (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic relationships, descriptive morphology, and taxonomic revision. Zootaxa 1067: 1-36, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3A9C14FE-2B1A-408F-BACA-4F65D98E22FBAbstractPterolebias is revised on the basis of osteology, external morphology, latero-sensory system, and color patterns. Two species are recognized as valid: P. longipinnis, from the eastern and southern Amazon River basin and the Parana-Paraguay River system, in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina; and P. phasianus, from the Paraguay River basin, in Brazil and Bolivia. Pterolebias bokermanni and P. luelingi are considered synonyms of P. longipinnis. Monophyly of Pterolebias is corroborated by the morphology of the angulo-articular, second pharyngobranchial, maxilla, metapterygoid, quadrate, basihyal, and two derived color patterns. In contrast to molecular studies, monophyly of an assemblage including Pterolebias and Gnatholebias is herein strongly supported by reduction of the interarcual cartilage, morphology of the anterior proximal radials of the anal fin and pelvic girdle, presence of scale rows on the anal-fin base, derived jaw dentition, numerous pelvic-fin rays, and long pelvic fins. A recent proposal to unite Pterolebias and Gnatholebias in a single genus is rejected.Key words: Killifishes, Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae, Pterolebias, Neotropical, Amazon, Pantanal, systematics, phylogenetic relationshipsResumoPterolebias e revisado com base em osteologia, morfologia externa, sistema latero-sensorial e padroes de colorido. Duas especies sao reconhecidas como validas: P. longipinnis, do leste e sul da bacia amazonica e do sistema fluvial Parana-Paraguai, no Brasil, Bolivia, Paraguai e Argentina, e P. phasianus, da bacia do rio Paraguai, no Brasil e Bolivia; P. bokermanni e P. luelingi sao consideradas sinonimos de P. longipinnis. Monofiletismo de Pterolebias e corroborado pela morfologia do angulo-articular, segundo faringo-branquial, maxila, metapterigoide, quadrado, basial e dois padroes de colorido derivados. Ao contrario de estudos moleculares, monofiletismo de um agrupamento incluindo Pterolebias e Gnatholebias e aqui altamente sustentado pela reducao de cartilagem interarcual, morfologia dos radiais proximais anteriores da nadadeira anal e da cintura pelvica, presenca de escamas na base da nadadeira anal, denticao derivada em maxilas, numerosos raios na nadadeira pelvica e longa nadadeira pelvica. Uma recente proposta para unir Pterolebias e Gnatholebias num unico genero e rejeitada.