Carbon Fluxes, Net Burial (sedimentation) and Carbon Inventories in th German License Area of the Clarion Clipperton Zone derived from Sensitivy Experiments with FABM-MOPS coupled to 1D GOTM model

This dataset contains carbon fluxes and inventories of sensitivity eperiments of sediment impact processes in FABM-MOPS coupled to 1D-GOTM by postprocessing of mostly phosphorus-based variables. Dataset for the deliverable 5.2 of the OceanICU Horizon Europe project. FABM-MOPS model runs MOPS (Model of Oceanic Pelagic Stoichiometry) is a biogeochemical model that describes the cycling of nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, detritus and dissolved organic matter as tracers with phosphorus as the core element (Kriest & Oschlies, 2015). It was used here as an implemented member biogeochemical model within FABM (The Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models; Bruggeman & Bolding, 2014) and therein coupled to the 1D GOTM (General Ocean Turbulent Model) as a physical host-model. The main aim here is the simulation of scenarios for impacts of waste sediment material injected into different water depths and times in order to identify respective model parameter sensitivities affecting carbon production, remineralization and export to the seafloor. The experiments were carried out for the location of the German PMN license area of the BGR (117.03W; 11.93N) in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the NE equatorial Pacific. Five different impact processes were implemented in MOPS in order to assess their effects by increased sediment loads in the water column: (1) increased light attenuation coefficient, K_SED, impacting growth of phytoplankton; (2) a reduced maximum grazing rate of zooplankton species, μ_ZOO, being able to discriminate nutrients from sediment particles, but leading to more difficult access to nutrients or escape ractions; (3) a reduced food assimilation rate of zooplankton, ε_ZOO, eating everything (e.g. nutritional values are decreased, clogging of gut tract); (4) a decreased density-dependent loss rate of zooplankton, κ_ZOO, representing the effect on higher-trophic level fauna (e.g. fish); and (5) an increased zooplankton mortality, λ_ZOO, due to potential toxicity of particles and stress effects. The following parameter set was used in the sensitivity experiments. Experiment \Parameter ctl g1 g2 a1 a2 f1 f2 m1 m2 g1* g2* a1* a2* f1* f2* m1* m2* K_SED 0.0425 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 μ_ZOO 1 0.5 0 0.5 0 ϵ_ZOO 1 0.5 0 0.5 0 κ_ZOO 1 0.5 0 0.5 0 λ_ZOO 1 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 The table gives an overview of the parameter settings of the sensitivity experiments: a "standard" set of parameters as control (ctl, kept unaltered in other experiments if not stated otherwise); each experiment label denote the different processes: g = grazing; a = assimilation, f = fish / higher-trophic fauna; m = mortality, with the respective parameter changes. For comparison, the set of experiments was run with and without the effect of reduced light attenuation (the latter indicated by * symbol: K_SED=0). This parameter set was used in sensitivity experiments for the following sediment injection depths and times: 5 injection depths: 65m, 225m, 1150m, 2450m, 4025m 5 injection times: 1w, 4w, 8w, 26w, 52w The sediment injection start was arbitrarily chosen to be May 2018 with enough time of more than 4 years for the model to balance from the initial conditions. In addition, a reference experiment without sediment injection was run. Dataset description The NetCDF dataset Carbon_Data_2014-2023_sensitivity_impact_processes-sediment_injections_2018_05-BGR-FABM_MOPS_GOTM.nc contains the calculated carbon fluxes and inventories that were computed from the model results as weekly means. Variables Carbon Fluxes (unit [kgm−2s−1]) Primary Production PP: phytoplankton growth phy_f1 converted by C:P-ratio of 117.0 and then depth-integrated (Gravitational) Carbon Fluxes at 100m, 1000m, 2000m F100, F1000, F2000: detritus flux det_f8 at each level and converted by C:P-ratio of 117.0 (Bottom) Carbon Burial: detritus burial det_burial converted by C:P-ratio of 117.0 Carbon Inventories between 0m-100m, 100m-200m, 200m-1000m, 1000m-2000m and >2000m (unit [kg m−2]) Particulate Organic Carbon POC 0-100, POC 0-100, POC 100-200, POC 200-1000, POC 1000-2000, POC >2000: detritus concentration det_c for each depth range multiplied by cell thickness h and converted by C:P-ratio of 117.0, then integrated over depth. Dissolved Organic Carbon DOC 0-100, DOC 0-100, DOC 100-200, DOC 200-1000, DOC 1000-2000, DOC >2000: dissolved organic phosphorus dop_c for each depth range multiplied by cell thickness h and converted by C:P-ratio of 117.0, then integrated over depth. Dissolved Inorganic Carbon DIC 0-100, DIC 0-100, DIC 100-200, DIC 200-1000, DIC 1000-2000, DIC >2000: dissolved inorganic carbon carbon_c for each depth range multiplied by cell thickness h, then integrated over depth. Coordinates time: time series of the dates for the weekly means in days since 2014-01-05 00:00:00 (proleptic gregorian) lon, lat: longitude and latitude of experiment location in BGR license area exp: experiment names for each experiment sensitivity experiment: syntax {injection_depth}_{injection_time}_{sensitivity_experiment}, as an example sensitivity experiment f2 for sediment injection at 65m for 8 weeks it would be 65m_8w_f2 (see list above); attention: experiments without sediment attenuation (KSED=0) have the suffixes _att0, i.e. the example f2* for previous scenario would be 65m_8w_f2_att0 reference experiment: simply reference Funding Acknowledgement This work was co-funded by the European Union under grant agreement no. 101083922 (OceanICU) and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding guarantee [grant number 10054454, 10063673, 10064020, 10059241, 10079684, 10059012, 10048179]. The views, opinions and practices used to produce this dataset are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or European Research Executive Agency. Neither theEuropean Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.本数据集通过对多数基于磷的变量进行后处理，得到耦合于一维通用海洋湍流模型（1D-General Ocean Turbulent Model，1D-GOTM）的FABM-MOPS模型中沉积物影响过程的敏感性实验的碳通量与碳储量数据。本数据集属于欧洲地平线（Horizon Europe）计划OceanICU项目的可交付成果5.2。 ### FABM-MOPS模型运行 海洋浮游生物化学计量模型（Model of Oceanic Pelagic Stoichiometry，MOPS）是一种生物地球化学模型，以磷为核心元素，将营养盐、浮游植物、浮游动物、碎屑及溶解有机物作为示踪物，描述其循环过程（Kriest & Oschlies，2015）。本研究将其作为水生生物地球化学模型框架（Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models，FABM）中的内置生物地球化学模型，并与作为物理宿主模型的1D-GOTM进行耦合。 本研究的核心目标为模拟不同水深、不同注入时刻的废弃沉积物冲击情景，以识别影响碳生成、再矿化及向海底输出的模型参数敏感性。实验设置于东北赤道太平洋克拉里昂-克利珀顿断裂带内德国联邦地球科学与自然资源研究所（BGR）的PMN许可海域（117.03°W；11.93°N）。 为评估水柱中沉积物负荷增加带来的影响，MOPS模型中共设置了5种不同的冲击过程： 1. 提升光衰减系数K_SED，影响浮游植物生长； 2. 降低浮游动物的最大摄食率μ_ZOO——此类浮游动物可区分营养盐与沉积物颗粒，但会因此更难获取营养盐或出现逃逸行为； 3. 降低浮游动物的食物同化率ε_ZOO——这类浮游动物会摄食所有颗粒（例如营养价降低、肠道堵塞）； 4. 降低浮游动物的密度依赖性损失率κ_ZOO，以表征对高营养级生物（如鱼类）的影响； 5. 提升浮游动物的死亡率λ_ZOO，源于沉积物颗粒的潜在毒性与胁迫效应。 本敏感性实验采用如下参数配置：下表为敏感性实验的参数设置概览：以'标准'参数集作为对照组（ctl，若无特殊说明，其余实验均保留该参数集不变）；各实验标签对应不同的冲击过程：g代表摄食（grazing）、a代表同化（assimilation）、f代表鱼类/高营养级生物（fish / higher-trophic fauna）、m代表死亡率（mortality），并附带对应参数的修改。为进行对比，实验分为有无光衰减减弱效应两组，后者以星号（*）标记，即K_SED=0。 本参数集被用于以下沉积物注入深度与注入时刻的敏感性实验： 5种注入深度：65m、225m、1150m、2450m、4025m 5种注入时刻：1周（1w）、4周（4w）、8周（8w）、26周（26w）、52周（52w） 沉积物注入起始时间设定为2018年5月，且预留了超过4年的时长以让模型从初始状态达到平衡。此外，本研究还设置了无沉积物注入的参照实验。 ### 数据集描述 本网络通用数据格式（NetCDF）数据集'Carbon_Data_2014-2023_sensitivity_impact_processes-sediment_injections_2018_05-BGR-FABM_MOPS_GOTM.nc'包含了基于模型结果计算得到的碳通量与碳储量数据，均以周均值形式输出。 #### 变量 ##### 碳通量（单位：[kg·m⁻²·s⁻¹]） 1. 初级生产（Primary Production，PP）：将浮游植物生长量`phy_f1`以C:P比117.0进行转换后，再进行深度积分得到； 2. 100m、1000m、2000m处的（重力）碳通量F100、F1000、F2000：将各深度处的碎屑通量`det_f8`以C:P比117.0进行转换得到； 3. （海底）碳埋藏：将碎屑埋藏量`det_burial`以C:P比117.0进行转换得到。 ##### 碳储量（单位：[kg·m⁻²]），涵盖以下深度区间：0m~100m、100m~200m、200m~1000m、1000m~2000m及>2000m 1. 颗粒有机碳（Particulate Organic Carbon，POC）：将各深度区间内的碎屑浓度`det_c`乘以网格厚度`h`，再以C:P比117.0转换后进行深度积分得到，对应变量为`POC 0-100`、`POC 100-200`、`POC 200-1000`、`POC 1000-2000`、`POC >2000`； 2. 溶解有机碳（Dissolved Organic Carbon，DOC）：将各深度区间内的溶解有机磷浓度`dop_c`乘以网格厚度`h`，再以C:P比117.0转换后进行深度积分得到，对应变量为`DOC 0-100`、`DOC 100-200`、`DOC 200-1000`、`DOC 1000-2000`、`DOC >2000`； 3. 溶解无机碳（Dissolved Inorganic Carbon，DIC）：将各深度区间内的溶解无机碳浓度`carbon_c`乘以网格厚度`h`后进行深度积分得到，对应变量为`DIC 0-100`、`DIC 100-200`、`DIC 200-1000`、`DIC 1000-2000`、`DIC >2000`。 #### 坐标变量 1. `time`：以“自2014-01-05 00:00:00起的天数”（公历格里高利历）表示的周均值时间序列； 2. `lon`、`lat`：实验所在BGR许可海域的经度与纬度； 3. `exp`：各实验的名称，敏感性实验的命名规则为`{注入深度}_{注入时刻}_{敏感性实验标识}`，例如针对65m水深、8周注入时长的f2敏感性实验，其名称为`65m_8w_f2`； 注意：无光衰减效应（K_SED=0）的实验需添加后缀`_att0`，例如前述示例的带星号场景`f2*`对应名称为`65m_8w_f2_att0`； 4. 参照实验的名称直接为`reference`。 ### 资助说明 本研究由欧盟根据资助协议编号101083922（OceanICU项目）以及英国研究与创新署（UKRI）根据英国政府的欧洲地平线计划资助担保（项目编号：10054454、10063673、10064020、10059241、10079684、10059012、10048179）共同资助。本数据集所采用的观点、意见与实践仅代表作者本人，未必反映欧盟或欧洲研究执行局的立场。欧盟与资助机构均不对本数据集的内容承担责任。