Near-complete haplotype-resolved genome assembly of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moech) is a globally cultivated pseudocereal crop with a high nutritional quality and economic value. Due to its self-incompatible nature, common buckwheat exhibits a high level of heterozygosity, making genome assembly challenging. This has led to a scarcity of reference-level haplotype-resolved assemblies of common buckwheat, hindering its research and breeding. Here, we present a near-complete chromosome-level haplotype-resolved assembly of an F1 common buckwheat genotype (Tuka), generated using a trio-binning approach with parental Illumina short-read data, and PacBio HiFi and Hi-C data of Tuka. The assembly of Tuka includes two sets of haplotypes, referred to as two haplomes, Tuka_h1 and Tuka_h2. Respectively, both Tuka_h1 and Tuka_h2 showed high contiguity (contig N50, 76.68 and 84.57 Mb), high completeness (total size, 1.28 and 1.23 Gb; BUSCO, 96.9% and 96.8%), high accuracy (QV, 59.08 and 63.03) and a few gaps (35 and 30). This near-complete assembly of Tuka will be an invaluable genomic resource for common buckwheat, facilitating research and breeding with state-of-the-art genomic tools.