probing variation in reaction norms in wild populations: the importance of reliable environmental proxies

Many traits are phenotypically plastic, i.e., the same genotype expresses different phenotypes depending on the environment. Genotypes and individuals can vary in their response to the environment and this genetic (G×E) and individual (I×E) variation in reaction-norm slopes can have important ecological or evolutionary consequences. Studies on I×E/G×E often fail to show slope variation, potentially due to the choice of the environmental covariate. Identifying the genuine environmental driver of phenotypic plasticity (the cue) is practically impossible and hence only proxies can be used. If the proxy is too weakly correlated with the cue, this may lead researchers to conclude there is little or no (variation in) plasticity, and hence lead to downwardly biased estimates of the potential for plastic responses (or evolutionary change in the slope) in response to environmental change. Alternatively, the Environment-Specific Mean phenotype (ESM) across individuals—which captures all environme..., Data contain phenotypic breeding data and NAO data for the Common guillemot as described in Reed et al. (2006). These data were used as one of the two practical examples in the paper. See the readme file for details. For questions regarding these data, please contact Michael P. Harris ([e-mail]). For R scripts used to analyze the data, please see the supporting information to the main article associated with this dataset (Ramakers et al. 2023).
Ramakers, J.J.C., Reed, T.E., Harris, M.P. & Gienapp, P. (2023). Probing variation in reaction norms in wild populations: the importance of reliable environmental proxies. Oikos. doi: 10.1111/oik.09592
Reed, T.E., Wanless, S., Harris, M.P., Frederiksen, M., Kruuk, L.E.B. & Cunningham, E.J.A. (2006) Responding to environmental change: plastic responses vary little in a synchronous breeder. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 273, 2713-2719., , The Guillemot data contain the following columns:

ID: ID of the animal
Count: number of times (years) an animal has been observed breeding
YEAR: year of breeding
Subcolony: cliff area in which the animal bred that year (SF = South Face
C4 = Colony 4, WHI = Whiteface, HDE = Hide, DEN = Dense)
Min.Age: minimum estimated age of the animal.
LD: laying date (from January 1st).
NAO: North-Atlantic Oscillation index.

Note that Min.Age has some missing values that can be filled based on the year in which the animal was observed.

许多性状具有表型可塑性（phenotypic plasticity），即同一基因型会因环境差异而表现出不同的表型。基因型与个体对环境的响应存在变异，这种反应规范斜率的遗传（G×E）与个体（I×E）变异可产生重要的生态或进化效应。针对I×E/G×E的相关研究往往难以检测到斜率变异，这可能源于环境协变量的选择不当。

识别驱动表型可塑性的真正环境因子（触发信号）在实践中几乎无法实现，因此仅能使用替代指标。若替代指标与真实触发信号的相关性过弱，研究者可能会得出可塑性微弱或不存在（或其变异缺失）的结论，进而导致对环境变化下可塑性响应潜力（或反应规范斜率的进化潜力）的估计出现向下偏倚。此外，跨个体的环境特异性平均表型（Environment-Specific Mean phenotype，ESM）可捕捉所有环境...

本数据集包含普通海鸠（Common guillemot）的表型繁殖数据与北大西洋涛动（North-Atlantic Oscillation，NAO）数据，具体细节见Reed等（2006）的研究，该数据集是本论文所附两个实际案例之一。详细说明请参阅配套的readme文件。若对本数据集有疑问，请联系Michael P. Harris（邮箱：[e-mail]）。本数据集的分析所用R脚本，请参阅本数据集关联的主论文的补充材料（Ramakers等，2023）。

### 引用文献
Ramakers, J.J.C., Reed, T.E., Harris, M.P. & Gienapp, P. (2023). 探究野生种群反应规范的变异：可靠环境替代指标的重要性. *Oikos*. doi: 10.1111/oik.09592
Reed, T.E., Wanless, S., Harris, M.P., Frederiksen, M., Kruuk, L.E.B. & Cunningham, E.J.A. (2006) 响应环境变化：同步繁殖者的可塑性响应差异微弱. *Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences*, 273, 2713-2719.

### 数据集字段说明
普通海鸠数据集包含以下字段：
- ID：个体唯一标识编号
- Count：某个体被观察到参与繁殖的总年数
- YEAR：繁殖年份
- Subcolony：该个体当年繁殖所在的崖壁区域（SF = 南坡，C4 = 4号群落，WHI = 白脸崖，HDE = 隐蔽区，DEN = 密集区）
- Min.Age：个体的最小估算年龄
- LD：产卵日期（以1月1日为基准日计算）
- NAO：北大西洋涛动指数

注意：Min.Age存在部分缺失值，可根据个体被观察到的繁殖年份进行补全。