Oleg of Novgorod (олег)

Oleg of Novgorod (Old East Slavic: Ѡлегъ; Old Norse: Helgi; Russian: Олег Вещий, romanized: Oleg Veshchy, lit. 'Oleg the Prophet'; Ukrainian: Олег Віщий) was a Varangian prince (or konung) who ruled all or part of the Rus' people during the late 9th and early 10th centuries. He is credited by Rus' Chronicles with moving from either Staraya Ladoga (Old Norse: Aldeigjuborg) or Novgorod, and seizing power in Kiev (Kyiv) from Askold and Dir, and, by doing so, laying the foundation of the powerful state of Kievan Rus'. He also launched an attack on Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire. According to East Slavic chronicles, Oleg was the supreme ruler of the Rus' from 879 to 912. This traditional dating has been challenged by some historians, who point out that it is inconsistent with such other sources as the Schechter Letter, which mentions the activities of a certain khagan HLGW (Hebrew: הלגו‎ usually transcribed Helgu) of Rus' as late as the 940s, during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Romanus I. The nature of Oleg's relationship with the Rurikid ruling family of the Rus', and specifically with his successor Igor of Kiev, is a matter of much controversy among historians.诺夫哥罗德的奥列格（古东斯拉夫语：Ѡлегъ；古诺斯语：Helgi；俄语：Олег Вещий，转写为Oleg Veshchy，意为"先知奥列格"；乌克兰语：Олег Віщий）是一位瓦良格亲王（或古诺斯语头衔"konung"即国王），于9世纪末至10世纪初统治罗斯人（Rus' people）的全部或部分领地。《罗斯编年史》（Rus' Chronicles）明确记载，他从旧拉多加（Staraya Ladoga，古诺斯语：Aldeigjuborg）或诺夫哥罗德起兵，从阿斯科尔德（Askold）与迪尔（Dir）手中夺取基辅（Kyiv）的控制权，并以此为根基建立了强盛的基辅罗斯（Kievan Rus'）国家。他还曾率军进攻拜占庭帝国（Byzantine Empire）的首都君士坦丁堡。根据东斯拉夫编年史的记述，奥列格于879年至912年担任罗斯人的最高统治者。这一传统纪年结论遭到部分史学家的质疑，他们认为该纪年与舍克特书信（Schechter Letter）等其他史料存在冲突：该书信提及一位名为哈甘HLGW（希伯来语：הלגו‎，通常转写为Helgu）的罗斯统治者的活动，其时间最晚可追溯至940年代，即拜占庭皇帝罗曼努斯一世（Romanus I）在位时期。奥列格与罗斯留里克（Rurikid）统治家族的关系，尤其是与其继任者基辅的伊戈尔（Igor of Kiev）之间的关联，亦是史学界争议颇多的议题。