GLAS LiDAR metrics considered for occupancy analysis; only the metrics denoted by double asterisks (**) were used after collinearity analysis.

These metrics include 6 biotic factors (p.lower, p.mid, can.height, veg.density, HOME, and foliage height diversity (FHD)) and 2 abiotic factors (heat load index (HLI) and elevation.
*Heat load index integrates measures of site slope, aspect, and latitude, computed following [81]. Note that due to difficulties in deriving slope using GLAS data, HLI and elevation were derived from the 10-m National Elevation Database.