NRS-13012 | Primary Applications

On 1 January 1863 the Torrens Title system was introduced to NSW with the commencement of the Real Property Act of 1862 (26 Vic No.9). The system was designed by Robert Richard Torrens for the South Australian Land Title Registry following his appointment as Registrar, and was based on a system for insuring shipping used by Lloyds of London. The Torrens Title system used a single register for each land holding which recorded all details and interests affecting the land including easements, covenants, mortgages, resumptions, caveats, and subsequent changes in ownership. (1)To convert land from Old System to Torrens Title required lodgement of an Application with all supporting documentation evidencing title listed on an attached Schedule and then lodged in packets with the Registrar General. The form of the application was specified in Schedule A of the Real Property Act of 1862 and in the Second Schedule of the Real Property Act, 1900. (2) Section 14 of the 1862 Act and Section 16 of the 1900 Act required the applicant to surrender instruments of title and to furnish an abstract of title if required. It also required a schedule of such instruments to be submitted. (3)NRS 17513, Primary Application Packets was originally one series which has since been split into three parts. The Packets once contained the Primary Application form which has since been extracted and is now NRS 13012, Primary Applications. Various documents required to be submitted with the primary application were also extracted and now form the series NRS 13011, Documents relating to Primary Applications.The Application forms contain the name and address of the applicant, value of the land, name of the original owner by Crown grant with date of issue, occupiers of adjacent land, description of land boundaries, and details of the applicant’s marriage. All supporting documentation evidencing title was listed on a Schedule attached to the Application, and lodged in packets with the Registrar General. The Schedule listed in date, and occasionally number order, all deeds and other documents evidencing title, including names of tenants or occupiers, and types of transfer. Applications are annotated with details of Certificates of Title issued, including volume number, folio, and date.The Real Property Act, 1900 (Act No.25, 1900), consolidated and systematised the existing legislation, and included Applications to bring lands under the Provisions of the Real Property Act, 1900, Primary Applications (section 14, Real Property Act, 1900), and also Resumption Applications (section 31A, Real Property Act, 1900) which were lodged by a variety of Government Departments and Local Councils.Applications continued to list similar information, although with details of marriage omitted, and with Primary Applications now including a First, Second, and occasionally subsequent Schedules. The First Schedule of a Primary Application listed name and address of occupier and nature of entitlement, with the Second Schedule listing all deeds and documents lodged in number and date order, with names of occupiers or businesses, plus a Registration Book and number also noted. The Applications and Schedules were filmed by the Registrar General’s Office prior to their transfer as State archives.In some cases, the Primary Application is missing, having been replaced by a ‘tracer’ at the Land Titles Office. The tracer contains the Primary Application number and may record a status such as: withdrawn, not proceeded with, abandoned, missing, damaged etc. Where a tracer has been used, the item description will contain the word ‘Tracer’ and the status of the Application in square brackets. This series includes Primary Applications.IndexA Torrens Title Purchaser’s Index also commenced on 1 January 1863, in book form until 1970 and available on microfiche from 1971, then merging with the Integrated Titling System (ITS) from 4 June 2001. (4) This is held by Land and Property Information New South Wales (formerly the Land Titles Office).Endnotes1. Department of Lands website http://www.lands.nsw.gov.au/land_titles/public_registers/torrens_title_register (accessed 12 March 2007).2. Real Property Act of 1862 (26 Vic. No.9) Schedule A; Real Property Act, 1900 (Act No.25, 1900) Second Schedule.3. Real Property Act of 1862 (26 Vic. No.9) s.14; Real Property Act, 1900 (Act No.25, 1900) s.16.4. Loc. cit. note 1.

1863年1月1日，随着1862年《不动产法》（26 Vic No.9）正式施行，托伦斯土地所有权体系（Torrens Title System）被引入新南威尔士州（NSW）。该体系由罗伯特·理查德·托伦斯（Robert Richard Torrens）在被任命为南澳土地登记处登记官后，为南澳大利亚土地登记处设计，其蓝本取自伦敦劳合社（Lloyds of London）用于船舶保险的制度。托伦斯土地所有权体系为每一处土地持有设立单一登记册，记录所有影响该土地的细节与权益，包括地役权、土地契约、抵押、土地收回、预告登记以及后续的所有权变更。

（1）将土地从旧登记体系转换为托伦斯土地所有权体系，需提交申请书及所有证明土地所有权的配套文件，相关文件需列于随附的附表中，随后以卷宗形式提交给土地登记总局局长（Registrar General）。申请书的格式在1862年《不动产法》的附表A以及1900年《不动产法》的第二附表中均有明确规定。

（2）1862年法案第14条以及1900年法案第16条要求申请人交还所有权文书，并在必要时提交所有权摘要；同时还需提交上述所有权文书的附表。

（3）编号为NRS 17513的「原始申请卷宗」（Primary Application Packets）最初为单一档案系列，后被拆分为三个部分。该卷宗原包含原始申请书表格，该表格后被拆分出来，现为编号NRS 13012的「原始申请书」（Primary Applications）档案系列。与原始申请一同提交的各类必备文件也被拆分出来，现为编号NRS 13011的「原始申请相关文件」（Documents relating to Primary Applications）档案系列。

申请书表格包含申请人姓名与地址、土地价值、王室授予的原所有权人姓名及发证日期、相邻土地占用人、土地边界描述，以及申请人的婚姻状况细节。所有证明土地所有权的配套文件均列于申请书所附的附表中，并随卷宗一并提交给土地登记总局局长。该附表按照日期（偶尔按编号）顺序列明所有证明所有权的契据及其他文件，包括租户或占用人姓名，以及交易类型。申请书上会标注已签发的土地所有权证书细节，包括卷号、登记册页号（folio）及签发日期。

1900年《不动产法》（法案编号25，1900年）对现有立法进行了整合与系统化，其中包含将土地纳入1900年《不动产法》管辖范围的申请书、原始申请书（依据1900年《不动产法》第14条），以及由各类政府部门与地方议会提交的土地收回申请书（依据1900年《不动产法》第31A条）。

后续申请书仍包含类似信息，但删除了婚姻状况细节，且原始申请书现已包含第一附表、第二附表，偶尔还会包含后续附表。原始申请书的第一附表列明占用人姓名与地址、权益性质；第二附表则按照编号与日期顺序列明所有提交的契据与文件，包括占用人或经营主体姓名，同时还会标注登记册编号与登记号。申请书及附表均由土地登记总局局长办公室进行了胶片拍摄存档，随后作为州级档案移交。

在部分案例中，原始申请书已遗失，由土地产权办公室（Land Titles Office）留存的「追踪卡（tracer）」替代。该追踪卡包含原始申请编号，可记录申请状态，例如：已撤回、未推进、已放弃、遗失、已损坏等。若使用了追踪卡，则档案条目标题中将包含「Tracer（追踪卡）」字样，以及用方括号标注的申请状态。本档案系列包含原始申请书。

此外，托伦斯土地所有权买受人索引（Torrens Title Purchaser’s Index）于1863年1月1日正式启用：1970年前采用簿册形式，1971年起可通过缩微胶片获取，并于2001年6月4日并入集成产权登记系统（Integrated Titling System, ITS）。该索引现由新南威尔士州土地与房产信息局（Land and Property Information New South Wales，前身为土地产权办公室）保管。

### 参考文献
1. 新南威尔士州土地署官网 http://www.lands.nsw.gov.au/land_titles/public_registers/torrens_title_register（2007年3月12日访问）
2. 1862年《不动产法》（26 Vic No.9）附表A；1900年《不动产法》（法案编号25，1900年）第二附表
3. 1862年《不动产法》（26 Vic No.9）第14条；1900年《不动产法》（法案编号25，1900年）第16条
4. 同参考文献1（Loc. cit.）