Data from: Phylogeny of salmonids (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae) and its molecular dating: analysis of nuclear RAG1 gene

The phylogenetic relationships among 26 species of salmonid fishes (family Salmonidae) were studied using the RAG1 gene as phylogenetic marker. No unambiguous relationships between thymallins, coregonins, and salmonins it was possible to establish. It seems likely, that divergence of these lineages took place during rather short time interval (about 3 to 4 million years). The thymallins are thought to be the first radiated lineage. The genera of the subfamily Salmoninae form two distinct monophyletic groups, represented by (1) Brachymystax and Hucho and (2) Salmo, Parahucho, Salvelinus, Parasalmo and Oncorhynchus. Ancestral forms of these two evolutionary lineages could diverge at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary (about 24 million years ago). It is suggested that diversification of the main lineages within the second group was rather rapid, and took place in middle Miocene (about 19-16 million years ago). Moreover, the lineages of Salvelinus, Parasalmo and Oncorhynchus were the latest to diverge. It seems likely that divergence of the Prosopium and Corergonus ancestral lineages occurred during the same time interval.

本研究以RAG1基因（RAG1）作为系统发育标记，对26种鲑科（Salmonidae）鱼类的系统发育关系展开探究。研究未能明确厘清茴鱼类、白鲑类与鲑亚科类群之间的演化关联。推测这三类支系的分化发生在一段相对短暂的时间区间内（约300万至400万年前），其中茴鱼类被认为是最早发生辐射分化的支系。鲑亚科各属形成两个独立的单系群：其一为Brachymystax与Hucho；其二为Salmo、Parahucho、Salvelinus、Parasalmo以及Oncorhynchus。这两支演化支系的祖先类群可能在渐新世-中新世交界时期（约2400万年前）发生分化。研究表明，第二支类群内部主要支系的多样化进程相对迅速，发生于中中新世时期（约1900万至1600万年前），其中Salvelinus、Parasalmo与Oncorhynchus的分化时间最晚。此外，Prosopium与Coregonus祖先支系的分化也发生在相近的时间区间内。