Changing carbon dioxide and water budgets from deforestation and habitat modification

Name: Changing carbon dioxide and water budgets from deforestation and habitat modification
Creator: Zenodo
Published: 2019-07-03T07:55:36+08:00

Zenodo2020-07-29 更新2026-05-25 收录

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Description: SAFE Intensive Carbon Plots, part of the Global Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) network, see http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/ Total soil respiration is measured at 25 points per plot, in the middle of each subplot (16 points per plot in OP, in subplot corners), using 12 cm diameter PVC collars inserted into approximately 5 cm depth Partitioned respiration is measured at four points per plot, a using a cluster of six collars (see below) Disturbance experiment in the plot centre All the methods and installation is described in detail in the GEM Intensive Carbon Plots manual, available at http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/files/rainfor-gemmanual.v3.0.pdf The aim is to measure monthly, but in practice the measurement interval is almost always longer (problems with access, staffing and instruments) EGM-4 infrared CO2 analyser and SRC-1 respiration chamber (PP Systems) Chamber closure time is 124 seconds, CO2 concentration inside the chamber is recorded every 5 s. Flux is calculated from the linear change in concentration in the chamber headspace Conversion from parts per million (ppm) of total gas volume per second per unit collar area to mega grams (1 Mg = 10^6 g) of carbon per hectare per month Idea gas law: pV=nRT --> n=pV/(RT) Mass-Mole: n=m/M --> m=n*M Combined: m=MpV/(RT) p (constant) 101,325 R (constant) 8.314472 T temperature in Kelvins --> AirT_Use + 273.15 V headspace volume M_carbon 12.01 parts per million to absolute units 10^-6 A collar area, m2 0.008825 m2 to hectare 10^4 grams to megagrams 10^-6 seconds to months 2592000 Flux_MgCha-1month-1 = Slope_ppm_s-1 * M* p* V /(R*T) * 10^-6 / A * 10^4 * 10^-6 * 2592000 Soil collar codes Partitioned respiration C1 All soil respiration components: litter, roots, mycorrhiza, soil organic matter (SOM) C2 Roots excluded (litter, mycorrhiza, SOM) C3 Roots and mycorrhiza excluded (litter, SOM) S1 Litter excluded (roots, mycorrhiza, SOM) S2 Litter and roots excluded (mycorrhiza, SOM) S3 Litter, roots and mycorrhiza excluded (only SOM) D1 Double litter, roots, mycorrhiza, soil organic matter (SOM) D2 Roots excluded (double litter, mycorrhiza, SOM) D3 Roots and mycorrhiza excluded (double litter, SOM) X Organic layer of the soil removed Disturbance The purpose of the disturbance experiment is to quantify how much disturbance the removal of the roots and mixing the soil causes, compared to just hammering in the deep collar ND1 Roots severed, not removed and soil not mixed at the installation ND2 ND1-ND5 are replicates, same treatmet ND3 ND4 ND5 D1 Roots removed, soil mixed at the installation D2 D1-D5 are replicates D3 D4 D5 Project: This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: Changing carbon dioxide and water budgets from deforestation and habitat modificationFunding: These data were collected as part of research funded by: Sime Darby Foundation (Grant, SAFE Core data)European Research Council Advanced Investigator Grant, GEM-TRAIT (Grant, Grant number 321131)NERC Human-Modified Tropical Forests Programme: Biodiversity And Land-use Impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI) Project (Grant, NE/K016369/1)NERC standard grant: The multi-year impacts of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the carbon cycle of tropical forests worldwide (Grant, NE/P001092/1)HSBC Malaysia (Grant)The University of Zurich (Grant)This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.Permits: These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:Sabah Biodiversity Council (Research licence JKM/MBs.1000-2/2 JLD.6 (76))XML metadata: GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available hereFiles: This dataset consists of 2 files: SAFE_SoilRespiration_Data_SAFEdatabase.xlsx, SAFE_soil_DATA.zipSAFE_SoilRespiration_Data_SAFEdatabase.xlsxThis file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:Carbon flux data (described in worksheet data)Description: Carbon flux dataNumber of fields: 21Number of data rows: 20602Fields: ForestType: Old-growth, Logged or Oil palm (Field type: Categorical)SAFEPlotName: SAFE plot name (Field type: Location)PlotName: Plot name (Field type: ID)ForestPlotsCode: Plot code in the ForestPlots database (this should be used in publications, instead of plot name). OP plot is not in the ForestPlots database (ForestPlotsCode = NA) (Field type: ID)Date: Measurement date (dd/mm/yyyy) (Field type: Date)Observers: Observers (Field type: Comments)Subplot: Subplot number within each plot, 1-25 (in OP, because the total respiration collars are in subplot corners, no subplot numbers are used, but the collars are refered to as SR1 - SR16. Subplot numbers are used for the partitioned respiration) (Field type: ID)MeasurementType: Total, Partitioned or Disturbance (Field type: Categorical)CollarType: Total; Partitioned: C1, C2, C3, S1, S2, S3, D1, D2, D3, X; Disturbance: ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND5, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 (see metadata description for codes) (Field type: ID)EGM_RecordNumber: Record number in of the raw flux file. (Field type: ID)SoilMoisture: Volumetric soil moisture content (% of pore space) next to the collar. measured with Campbell Scientific Hydrosense sensor with 12 cm rods. (Field type: Numeric)SoilT: Soil temperature (°C) is measured with a handheld digital thermometer next to the collar, inserted into 10 cm depth (Field type: Numeric)AirT: Air temperature (°C) is measured with a handheld digital thermometer outside the chamber, at the chamber height, in a shaded spot (Field type: Numeric)Slope: Slope of the linear regression between time (seconds) from the chamber closure and CO2 concentration (parts per million, ppm) in the chamber headspace. (Field type: Numeric)Remarks: Any notes in the field or at data entry stage. 0 = no remarks. If the measurement is repeated in the field multiple times, the other flux estimates are sometimes written in the remarks (not consistent). 2x, 3x etc. indicate multiple repeats. (Field type: Comments)CollarHeight: Height from the top of the soil to the top of the collar, mm. This is used for calculating the total headspapce volume (chamber volume + collar volume above the soil surface). (Field type: Numeric)HeadspaceVolume: Total headspace volume, sum of the chamber volume (0.001229 m3) and collar volume (d=0.106 m, h=CollarHeight_mm/1000) (Field type: Numeric)AirT_Use: Gap filled air temperature data, missing air temperatures replaced with average temperature in logged (27.1), old-growth forest (26.2) and OP (28.7). This is needed for calculating the flux, but should not be used in response functions etc. (Field type: Numeric)Flux: Flux corverted from ppm s-1 to Mg carbon per hectare per month. See conversion below. (Field type: Numeric)Quality** (see description below): 1 - good flux; 0 - missing data or bad measurement; 2 - outlier (Field type: Numeric)Girdling_0_1: In Tower Plot (SAF-05), subplots 14-25, all trees were girdled in late January - early February 2016. Post-girdling data = 1, if no girdling = 0. (Field type: Numeric)SAFE_soil_DATA.zipDescription: Raw EGM files and a ReadMe doc explaining how to interpret Date range: 2011-08-25 to 2018-07-17Latitudinal extent: 4.5000 to 5.0700Longitudinal extent: 116.7500 to 117.8200

**数据集描述：** SAFE 密集碳样地（SAFE Intensive Carbon Plots）隶属于全球生态系统监测网络（Global Ecosystem Monitoring, GEM），详情请访问：http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/ 每个样地的总土壤呼吸在25个测点开展，测点位于每个副样地的中心（油棕样地OP的总呼吸测点为16个，位于副样地角点），使用直径12 cm的PVC环（PVC collars）插入土壤约5 cm深度。分区呼吸在每个样地的4个测点开展，采用6个环组成的集群进行测量（详见下文）。样地中心设置有干扰实验。所有实验方法与安装流程详见《GEM密集碳样地操作手册》，可通过以下链接获取：http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/files/rainfor-gemmanual.v3.0.pdf 原计划按月开展测量，但实际观测间隔通常更长（受通行条件、人员配置与仪器设备限制）。实验使用EGM-4型红外CO₂分析仪（EGM-4 infrared CO2 analyser）与SRC-1型呼吸室（SRC-1 respiration chamber，PP Systems公司生产）。箱室密闭时长为124秒，箱室顶空的CO₂浓度每5秒记录一次。土壤碳通量通过箱室顶空浓度的线性变化计算得到。 --- **单位转换说明**：将每秒每单位环面积的气体体积百万分比浓度（parts per million, ppm）转换为每月每公顷的碳兆克数（mega grams, Mg，1 Mg = 10^6 g）。理想气体状态方程：$pV = nRT ightarrow n = frac{pV}{RT}$ 质量-摩尔质量关系：$n = frac{m}{M} ightarrow m = n cdot M$ 联立后可得：$m = frac{MpV}{RT}$ 各参数与系数说明： - 压强$p$（常数）：101325 Pa - 气体常数$R$（常数）：8.314472 $mathrm{J cdot mol^{-1} cdot K^{-1}}$ - 温度$T$（开尔文）：$AirT_{Use} + 273.15$ - 顶空体积$V$ - 碳的摩尔质量$M_{carbon}$：12.01 $mathrm{g cdot mol^{-1}}$ - ppm转换为绝对单位系数：$10^{-6}$ - 单环横截面积$A$：0.008825 $mathrm{m^2}$ - 平方米转公顷系数：$10^4$ - 克转兆克系数：$10^{-6}$ - 秒转月系数：2592000 通量计算公式（单位：$mathrm{Mg C ha^{-1} cdot 月^{-1}}$）： $$Flux = Slope_{(ppm cdot s^{-1})} imes frac{M cdot p cdot V}{R cdot T} imes 10^{-6} / A imes 10^4 imes 10^{-6} imes 2592000$$ --- **分区呼吸土壤环代码**： - C1：包含所有土壤呼吸组分：枯落物、根系、菌根、土壤有机质（soil organic matter, SOM） - C2：排除根系（包含枯落物、菌根、土壤有机质） - C3：排除根系与菌根（包含枯落物、土壤有机质） - S1：排除枯落物（包含根系、菌根、土壤有机质） - S2：排除枯落物与根系（包含菌根、土壤有机质） - S3：排除枯落物、根系与菌根（仅保留土壤有机质） - D1：加倍枯落物，其余组分同C1（保留根系、菌根、土壤有机质） - D2：排除根系，加倍枯落物（包含菌根、土壤有机质） - D3：排除根系与菌根，加倍枯落物（包含土壤有机质） - X：移除土壤有机层 --- **干扰实验**：本实验旨在量化相较于仅打入深层环的操作，移除根系与搅拌土壤所带来的干扰程度。 - ND1：根系切断但未移除，安装时未搅拌土壤 - ND2~ND5：为ND1的重复组，处理方式一致 - ND3、ND4、ND5 - D1：移除根系，安装时搅拌土壤 - D2~D5：为D1的重复组 - D3、D4、D5 --- **项目信息**：本数据集隶属于以下SAFE研究项目：《土地利用变化与栖息地改造对二氧化碳与水分收支的影响》 **资助信息**：本数据集的采集工作受以下项目资助： 1. 森达美基金会（Sime Darby Foundation）资助项目：SAFE核心数据集 2. 欧洲研究委员会高级研究员项目（GEM-TRAIT，项目编号：321131） 3. 英国自然环境研究委员会（NERC）人为改造热带森林计划：生物多样性与土地利用对热带生态系统功能的影响（BALI）项目（项目编号：NE/K016369/1） 4. NERC标准资助项目：2015/2016年厄尔尼诺事件对全球热带森林碳循环的多年期影响（项目编号：NE/P001092/1） 5. 香港上海汇丰银行马来西亚分行（HSBC Malaysia）资助项目 6. 苏黎世大学（University of Zurich）资助项目本数据集采用CC-BY 4.0许可协议发布，要求您在任何成果中引用本数据集，并额外声明对上述资助方的致谢。 **许可信息**：本数据集的采集工作已获得沙巴生物多样性委员会（Sabah Biodiversity Council）许可，研究许可编号：JKM/MBs.1000-2/2 JLD.6 (76) **XML元数据**：符合GEMINI标准的本数据集元数据可在此处获取 **数据集文件**：本数据集包含2个文件：SAFE_SoilRespiration_Data_SAFEdatabase.xlsx、SAFE_soil_DATA.zip ### SAFE_SoilRespiration_Data_SAFEdatabase.xlsx 本文件包含数据集元数据与1张数据表：**碳通量数据表**（位于data工作表中） - 数据说明：碳通量数据 - 字段数量：21个 - 数据行数：20602行 - 字段详情： 1. **ForestType**：森林类型，分为原始林、择伐林与油棕林（分类变量） 2. **SAFEPlotName**：SAFE样地名称（位置信息） 3. **PlotName**：样地名称（编号） 4. **ForestPlotsCode**：ForestPlots数据库中的样地编码（出版时应使用该编码而非样地名称）。油棕样地OP未收录于ForestPlots数据库，该字段为NA（编号） 5. **Date**：测量日期（格式：dd/mm/yyyy，日期类型） 6. **Observers**：观测人员（备注） 7. **Subplot**：样地内的副样地编号（1~25）。油棕样地OP的总呼吸环位于副样地角点，未使用副样地编号，以SR1~SR16指代各环；分区呼吸测量使用副样地编号（编号） 8. **MeasurementType**：测量类型，分为总呼吸、分区呼吸与干扰实验（分类变量） 9. **CollarType**：环类型。总呼吸无额外代码；分区呼吸代码包括C1、C2、C3、S1、S2、S3、D1、D2、D3、X；干扰实验代码包括ND1~ND5、D1~D5（代码详情见元数据说明，编号） 10. **EGM_RecordNumber**：原始通量文件中的记录编号（编号） 11. **SoilMoisture**：环附近的土壤体积含水量（孔隙体积占比，%），使用Campbell Scientific Hydrosense传感器配合12 cm探针测量（数值型） 12. **SoilT**：土壤温度（℃），使用手持式数字温度计在环附近插入10 cm深度测量（数值型） 13. **AirT**：空气温度（℃），在箱室外、与箱室同高度的阴凉处使用手持式数字温度计测量（数值型） 14. **Slope**：箱室密闭后的时间（秒）与箱室顶空CO₂浓度（ppm）之间的线性回归斜率（数值型） 15. **Remarks**：野外或数据录入阶段的备注信息。0代表无备注；若野外重复测量，其他通量估算结果有时会记录在备注中，2x、3x等标识代表重复次数（备注） 16. **CollarHeight**：土壤表面至环顶部的高度（mm），用于计算总顶空体积（箱室体积+土壤表面以上的环体积）（数值型） 17. **HeadspaceVolume**：总顶空体积，为箱室体积（0.001229 m³）与环体积（直径d=0.106 m，高度h=CollarHeight_mm/1000）之和（数值型） 18. **AirT_Use**：插补后的空气温度数据。缺失值使用择伐林（27.1℃）、原始林（26.2℃）与油棕林（28.7℃）的平均气温替代，仅用于通量计算，不应用于响应函数等分析（数值型） 19. **Flux**：将$ppm cdot s^{-1}$转换为$mathrm{Mg C ha^{-1} cdot 月^{-1}}$后的碳通量，转换方法详见前文（数值型） 20. **Quality**：数据质量等级，1代表通量质量良好；0代表数据缺失或测量不合格；2代表异常值（数值型） 21. **Girdling_0_1**：塔样地（SAF-05）的副样地14~25在2016年1月末至2月初进行了环割处理，环割后的数据标记为1，未环割标记为0（数值型） ### SAFE_soil_DATA.zip 文件说明：包含原始EGM数据文件与一份ReadMe文档，用于说明如何解读原始数据 **时间范围**：2011-08-25 至 2018-07-17 **纬度范围**：4.5000 至 5.0700 **经度范围**：116.7500 至 117.8200

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Zenodo

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2019-07-03

Changing carbon dioxide and water budgets from deforestation and habitat modification

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