Data from: Contemporary genetic structure and postglacial demographic history of the black scorpionfish, Scorpaena porcus, in the Mediterranean and the Black Seas

Understanding the distribution of genetic diversity in the light of past demographic events linked with climatic shifts will help to forecast evolutionary trajectories of ecosystems within the current context of climate change. In this study, mitochondrial sequences and microsatellite loci were analysed using traditional population genetic approaches together with Bayesian dating and the more recent approximate Bayesian computation scenario testing. The genetic structure and demographic history of a commercial fish, the black scorpionfish, Scorpaena porcus, was investigated throughout the Mediterranean and Black Seas. The results suggest that the species recently underwent population expansions, in both seas, likely concomitant with the warming period following the Last Glacial Maximum, 20 000 years ago. A weak contemporaneous genetic differentiation was identified between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. However, the genetic diversity was similar for populations of the two seas, suggesting a high number of colonizers entered the Black Sea during the interglacial period and/or the presence of a refugial population in the Black Sea during the glacial period. Finally, within seas, an east/west genetic differentiation in the Adriatic seems to prevail, whereas the Black Sea does not show any structured spatial genetic pattern of its population. Overall, these results suggest that the Black Sea is not that isolated from the Mediterranean, and both seas revealed similar evolutionary patterns related to climate change and changes in sea level.

结合与气候变迁相关的过往种群动态事件解析遗传多样性的分布格局，将有助于在当前气候变化背景下预测生态系统的演化轨迹。本研究采用传统群体遗传学分析方法，结合贝叶斯定年（Bayesian dating）与新兴的近似贝叶斯计算（approximate Bayesian computation）情景检验手段，对线粒体序列（mitochondrial sequences）与微卫星位点（microsatellite loci）开展分析。本研究针对地中海与黑海全域分布的商业捕捞鱼种黑鲉（Scorpaena porcus）的遗传结构与种群动态历史展开了调查。结果显示，该鱼种在两大海域均经历了近期种群扩张，这很可能与2万年前末次冰盛期（Last Glacial Maximum）后的变暖阶段相伴发生。研究识别出黑海与地中海之间仅存在微弱的同期遗传分化。不过两大海域的种群遗传多样性水平相近，这表明间冰期（interglacial period）有大量拓殖者迁入黑海，或冰川期黑海存在避难所种群（refugial population）。最后，在海域内部，亚得里亚海种群呈现出显著的东西向遗传分化格局，而黑海种群则未表现出任何结构化的空间遗传模式。综合来看，本研究结果表明黑海与地中海的隔离程度有限，且两大海域均呈现出与气候变化及海平面变化相关的相似演化模式。