Untangling the Gravitational Wave Linear Memory from Core-Collapse Supernovae using the Moon

Following the milestone of detecting gravitational waves (GWs) from merging compact binaries, the next significant watershed moment in GW astronomy lies in detecting GWs from core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). In this \textit{Letter}, I describe the possibility of detecting the GW linear memory -- a phenomenon resulting from a combination of aspherical matter ejection and anisotropic neutrino emission during stellar collapse -- using GW detectors on the Moon. This would grant unprecedented access to the sub-Hz/Hz GW frequency range, which is inaccessible to both current and future terrestrial GW detectors. I demonstrate that three-dimensional CCSNe GW waveforms may be detectable by both seismometer and interferometeric lunar GW detectors, with the latter design proposal extending 10 kpc to megaparsec detection distances.

在探测到双致密天体并合产生的引力波（Gravitational Waves，GWs）这一里程碑式成果后，引力波天文学领域下一个具有划时代意义的关键节点，便是探测核心坍缩超新星（Core-Collapse Supernovae，CCSNe）产生的引力波。在本学术快报中，本文探讨了利用月球引力波探测器探测引力波线性记忆效应的可能性——该效应由恒星坍缩过程中非球对称物质抛射与各向异性中微子辐射共同引发。这将使我们得以前所未有地覆盖亚赫兹/赫兹级引力波频段，而当前及未来的地面引力波探测器均无法触及该频段。本文证明，三维核心坍缩超新星引力波波形可被月球地震仪与干涉型引力波探测器同时探测到，其中后者的设计方案可将探测距离从10千秒差距拓展至百万秒差距量级。