National Profile of Local Health Departments, [United States], 2019

Conducted by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO), the purpose of this survey of local health departments (LHDs) was to advance and support the development of a database for LHDs to describe and understand their structure, function, and capacities. A core set of questions was submitted to every LHD. In addition, some LHDs received one of two randomly assigned modules of supplemental questions. The core questions covered governance, funding, workforce (staffing levels, occupations employed, top executive education and licensure), LHD activities, community health assessment and health improvement planning, accreditation through the Public Health Accreditation Board, and policy-making and advocacy. The surveyed LHD activities include immunization, screening for diseases and conditions, treatment for communicable diseases, maternal and child health, epidemiology and surveillance activities, population-based primary prevention activities, and regulation, inspection and/or licensing activities. Topics covered by Module 1 included LHD interaction with academic institutions, Partnerships and collaboration, Cross-jurisdictional sharing of services, Emergency preparedness, and Access to healthcare services. Module 2 examined additional issues related to jurisdiction and governance, community health assessment and planning, human resources issues, quality improvement, public health informatics, and use of the Community Guide of Preventive Services.

由国家县及城市卫生官员协会（NACCHO）组织实施，此次针对地方卫生部门（LHD）的调研旨在推进并支持构建一个数据库，以描述和解析LHD的组织结构、职能和能力。每一所LHD均接受了核心问题的提问。此外，部分LHD额外接收了两个随机分配的补充问题模块之一。核心问题涵盖了治理、资金、人力资源（人员配置、雇佣职业、高层管理人员的教育与许可）、LHD活动、社区卫生评估与健康改善规划、通过公共卫生认证委员会的认证，以及政策制定与倡导等方面。调研的LHD活动包括疫苗接种、疾病和状况筛查、传染病治疗、母婴健康、流行病学和监测活动、基于人群的初级预防活动，以及监管、检查和/或许可活动。模块1涵盖的主题包括LHD与学术机构的互动、合作伙伴关系与合作、跨辖区服务共享、应急准备和医疗服务可及性。模块2则考察了与辖区和治理、社区卫生评估与规划、人力资源问题、质量改进、公共卫生信息学以及社区预防服务指南的使用等相关议题。