Variable social organisation and breeding system of a social parrot revealed by genetic analysis

Social organisation and contributions to reproduction vary widely within and between species that breed in groups. Such variation often arises from the process of group formation, which drives patterns of relatedness and hence the degree of social conflict and cooperation between group members. Using field observations and molecular genetics, we investigated breeding behaviour in an urban population of the highly social Monk Parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus, to address two objectives. First, we investigated breeding group frequency, composition and formation, finding that 19% of breeding units were cooperative groups, ranging in size from 3-5 birds, the remainder being pairs (81%). Group composition was variable with multi-male, multi-female and multi-male-female groups. Relatedness in breeding groups also varied with many containing kin, but some groups containing only non-kin. This variation reflected alternative routes to group formation, including offspring retention by pairs, sibling ..., , # Variable social organisation and breeding system of a social parrot revealed by genetic analysis

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.5qfttdzkf](10.5061/dryad.5qfttdzkf)

## Description of the data and file structure

Pairwise relatedness data (Queller & Goodnight estimates) were obtained to characterise the dyadic relatedness of monk parakeets living in the same social group.

The dataset comprises data for figures in the published paper: (a) pairwise Queller and Goodnight relatedness estimates for dyads of individuals within monk parakeet social groups; (b) mean pairwise Queller and Goodnight relatedness estimates among individuals living in the same social group; (c) pairwise Queller and Good night relatedness estimates among same-sex and opposite-sex individuals living within the same social group.

### Files and variables

#### File: Figure_2_data.xlsx

**Description:** Mean pairwise relatedness among all individual monk parakeets living in the same social group (n = 22 groups across 2 ...,

群居繁殖的物种之间乃至其种群内部，社会组织形式与繁殖贡献差异显著。此类差异往往源于群体组建过程，该过程塑造了群体内的亲缘关系模式，进而决定了社群成员间社会冲突与合作的程度。本研究借助野外观测与分子遗传学手段，针对高度社会化的和尚鹦鹉（Myiopsitta monachus）城市种群的繁殖行为展开调查，旨在达成两个研究目标。其一，探究繁殖群体的频率、组成与组建方式，结果显示19%的繁殖单元为合作繁殖群体，群体规模介于3至5只个体之间，剩余81%的繁殖单元则为配对繁殖个体。群体组成具有多样性，涵盖多雄性、多雌性以及雌雄混合的群体。繁殖群体内的亲缘关系同样存在差异：多数群体包含亲缘个体，但也有部分群体仅由无亲缘关系的个体构成。此类变异反映了群体组建的多种替代路径，包括成对繁殖个体对后代的保留、同胞……
# 基于遗传分析揭示的社会性鹦鹉可变社会组织与繁殖系统
数据集DOI: [10.5061/dryad.5qfttdzkf](10.5061/dryad.5qfttdzkf)

## 数据与文件结构说明
成对亲缘关系数据（Queller-Goodnight亲缘关系估计值）被用于表征同一社会群体内和尚鹦鹉个体间的二元亲缘关系。
本数据集包含已发表论文中用于生成图表的数据：(a) 和尚鹦鹉社会群体内个体间二元组合的Queller-Goodnight成对亲缘关系估计值；(b) 同一社会群体内个体间的平均成对Queller-Goodnight亲缘关系估计值；(c) 同一社会群体内同性与异性个体间的成对Queller-Goodnight亲缘关系估计值。

### 文件与变量
#### 文件：Figure_2_data.xlsx
**描述：** 同一社会群体内所有和尚鹦鹉个体间的平均成对亲缘关系（共22个群体，覆盖2……）