Text - Utterance - Word: Word Autonomicity as Parameter of Historical Syntax [Текст - высказывание - слово: автономность слова как параметр исторического синтаксиса]

In this paper published in the 1st volume of the 'Slavjano-germanskie issledovanija' book series, I render several hypotheses on non-universality of syntactic relations and discuss their combinations. In particular, I trace back several syntactic parameters characteristic of Old Slavic and Old Germanic languages and argue that they are compatible with the so called non-configurationality hypothesis. In Indo-European studies, this hypothesis was first introduced by Zubatý, Meillet and Havránek under the cover term 'word autonomicity'. The relevant data is concerned a) one-word sentences, b) distribution of subjectless impersonals, c) transitional phenomena from ellipsis to zero subjects. I also discuss the origins of the so called lexical predicatives aka 'category of state-of-state' forms. Comments: This paper was written ca. 1998-1999. The list of References contains 89 items from 1900 to 1998, with focus on Germanic and Slavic studies. In this paper, I only discuss the early versions of the non-configurational analysis (Zubatý, Meillet, Havránek, and the followers) without sticking to terms 'non-configurational languages', 'non-configuraltionality' and without discussing the works by Ken Hale and J. T. Faarlund from the 1970-1990-s. See my papers Zimmerling 2002, 2014 in the "Related works" sections. There is a striking similarity between much the theoretical claims based on the descriptions of the oral speech recorded in the XX -XXI centuries and the theoretical claims based on the descriptions of some ancient or medieval texts left by such authorities as Zubatý or Heusler. Unfortunately, some linguists and philologies occasionally reinvent the wheel.本论文刊载于《Slavjano-germanskie issledovanija》丛书第一卷，文中提出多项关于句法关系非普遍性的假说，并探讨了各类假说的组合形式。具体而言，本文梳理出古斯拉夫语与古日耳曼语特有的若干句法参数，并论证其与所谓非组构性假说（non-configurationality hypothesis）相符。在印欧语研究领域，该假说最早由祖巴蒂（Zubatý）、梅耶（Meillet）与哈夫拉内克（Havránek）以“词自主性（word autonomicity）”为统称提出。本文涉及的相关数据包括：a）单词句；b）无主语无人称句的分布特征；c）从省略到零主语的过渡现象。同时还探讨了所谓词汇谓词（lexical predicatives），即“状态之状态”形式的起源。 备注： 本论文约完成于1998至1999年间。参考文献列表共收录89篇1900年至1998年的文献，研究方向聚焦于日耳曼学与斯拉夫学领域。 本文仅探讨非组构性分析的早期版本（祖巴蒂、梅耶、哈夫拉内克及其后续研究者），未使用“非组构性语言”“非组构性”这类术语，也未讨论1970至1990年代肯·黑尔（Ken Hale）与J·T·法尔伦德（J. T. Faarlund）的研究成果。相关研究可参阅笔者2002年与2014年发表的论文，详见“相关研究”板块。 基于20至21世纪记录的口语语料所提出的理论主张，与基于祖巴蒂、豪伊瑟（Heusler）等学界权威留存的古代或中世纪文本描述所提出的理论主张之间，存在显著的相似性。遗憾的是，部分语言学家与语文学家偶尔会陷入重复造轮子的误区，即重复开展前人已完成的研究工作。