Three-dimensional building and mobility infrastructure of the CONUS

Humanity's role in changing the face of the earth is a long-standing concern, as is the human domination of ecosystems. Geologists are debating the introduction of a new geological epoch, the 'anthropocene', as humans are 'overwhelming the great forces of nature'. In this context, the accumulation of artefacts, i.e., human-made physical objects, is a pervasive phenomenon. Variously dubbed 'manufactured capital', 'technomass', 'human-made mass', 'in-use stocks' or 'socioeconomic material stocks', they have become a major focus of sustainability sciences in the last decade. Globally, the mass of socioeconomic material stocks now exceeds 10e14 kg, which is roughly equal to the dry-matter equivalent of all biomass on earth. It is doubling roughly every 20 years, almost perfectly in line with 'real' (i.e. inflation-adjusted) GDP. In terms of mass, buildings and infrastructures (here collectively called 'built structures') represent the overwhelming majority of all socioeconomic material stocks. This dataset features intermediate mapping results for estimating material stocks in the CONUS (see related identifiers) on a 10m grid based on high resolution Earth Observation data (Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2), Microsoft building footprints, NLCD Impervious data, and crowd-sourced geodata (OSM). These data may also be useful on their own. Provided layers @10m resolution- Building height- Building type- Building area- Impervious fraction- street, and rail area- Building and street climate zones- County zones- State masks- EQUI7 correction factors Spatial extentThis dataset covers the whole CONUS. Temporal extentThe maps are representative for ca. 2018. Data formatThe data are organized in 100km x 100km tiles (EQUI7 grid), and mosaics are provided. Further informationFor further information, please see the main publication.A web-visualization of the resulting dataset is available here.Visit our website to learn more about our project MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society. PublicationD. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, A. Baumgart, D. Virág, S. Cooper, C. Gómez-Medina, F. Lehmann, T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, P. Hostert, and H. Haberl (2023): Unveiling patterns in human dominated landscapes through mapping the mass of US built structures. Nature Communications 14, 8014. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43755-5 FundingThis research was primarly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950). AcknowledgmentsWe thank the European Space Agency and the European Commission for freely and openly sharing Sentinel imagery; USGS for the National Land Cover Database; Microsoft for Building Footprints; Geofabrik and all contributors for OpenStreetMap.This dataset was partly produced on EODC - we thank Clement Atzberger for supporting the generation of this dataset by sharing disc space on EODC, and Wolfgang Wagner for granting access to preprocessed Sentinel-1 data.人类改变地球面貌的作用长期以来备受关注，人类对生态系统的支配亦然。地质学家们正在讨论引入一个新的地质时代——人类世（Anthropocene），因为人类正"压倒了自然的伟大力量"。 在此背景下，人工制品（即人类制造的实体物品）的积累已是一种普遍现象。这类物品先后被冠以"制造资本""技术物质总量（technomass）""人工物质总量""在用存量"以及"社会经济物质存量"等不同称谓，在过去十年间已成为可持续性科学的核心研究焦点。当前，全球社会经济物质存量总质量已突破10^14千克，大致等同于地球上所有生物质的干物质当量。其总量约每20年翻一番，几乎与"实际（即经通胀调整后）"国内生产总值（GDP）的增长轨迹完全吻合。就质量而言，建筑物与基础设施（下文统称为"建成构筑物"）占据了社会经济物质存量的绝大多数份额。 本数据集包含美国本土（CONUS，见相关标识符）范围内、基于10米分辨率网格的物质存量估算中间制图结果，所用数据源包括高分辨率地球观测数据（Sentinel-1与Sentinel-2）、微软建筑轮廓数据、美国国家土地覆盖数据库（National Land Cover Database, NLCD）不透水面数据以及众源地理空间数据（OpenStreetMap，简称OSM）。本数据集所含数据本身亦具备独立应用价值。 本数据集提供10米分辨率的以下图层： - 建筑高度 - 建筑类型 - 建筑占地面积 - 不透水面占比 - 道路与铁路占地面积 - 建筑与道路气候分区 - 县级行政分区 - 州级行政掩码 - EQUI7校正因子 空间范围：本数据集覆盖整个美国本土（CONUS）。 时间范围：该制图结果的代表性时段约为2018年。 数据格式：数据以100千米×100千米的分幅（EQUI7网格）进行组织，并提供镶嵌数据集。 补充信息：如需进一步了解，请参阅主文献。本数据集的网页可视化工具可通过此处获取。请访问我们的官网，了解项目MAT_STOCKS——"理解物质存量格局对可持续社会转型的作用"的更多详情。 文献引用：D. Frantz、F. Schug、D. Wiedenhofer、A. Baumgart、D. Virág、S. Cooper、C. Gómez-Medina、F. Lehmann、T. Udelhoven、S. van der Linden、P. Hostert与H. Haberl（2023）：《通过绘制美国建成构筑物质量图谱揭示人类主导景观的格局》，《自然-通讯（Nature Communications）》，第14卷，第8014篇。DOI：10.1038/s41467-023-43755-5 资助情况：本研究主要由欧盟"地平线2020"研究与创新计划下的欧洲研究理事会（European Research Council, ERC）资助（项目编号：MAT_STOCKS，协议号741950）。 致谢：感谢欧洲空间局与欧盟委员会免费公开分享Sentinel系列影像数据；感谢美国地质调查局（USGS）提供国家土地覆盖数据库；感谢微软提供建筑轮廓数据；感谢Geofabrik与所有开放街道地图贡献者。本数据集部分生成于EODC平台，感谢Clement Atzberger通过EODC平台提供磁盘空间支持本数据集的生成，以及Wolfgang Wagner授权使用预处理后的Sentinel-1数据。