JADIDISM AS A FACTOR OF NATIONAL AWAKENING, ENLIGHTENMENT, AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROGRESS IN TURKESTAN

This article examines Jadidism as a major intellectual and reformist movement in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Turkestan. It analyzes the historical conditions that shaped the movement, its central commitment to educational renewal, and its broader contribution to national awakening, cultural transformation, and social modernization. Particular attention is given to the Jadids’ advocacy of the usul-i jadid (“new method”) schools, the expansion of print culture, the development of theater and modern literature, and the rethinking of society through the concepts of knowledge, discipline, dignity, and progress. The article also considers the role of leading reformers such as Mahmud Khoja Behbudiy, Munawwar Qari, Sadriddin Ayni, and Abdurauf Fitrat in reshaping public discourse in Central Asia. From a contemporary perspective, Jadidism can be understood not only as a cultural and educational movement, but also as an early project of social and socio-economic modernization grounded in human capital, civic awareness, and national self-renewal. The study argues that the legacy of the Jadids remains highly relevant to current debates on education, identity, and development.本文将贾迪德主义（Jadidism）作为19世纪末至20世纪初突厥斯坦地区的重要思想改良运动展开研究。本文分析了催生该运动的历史语境、其核心的教育革新主张，以及它在民族觉醒、文化转型与社会现代化进程中产生的广泛影响。本文特别关注尤迪德派（Jadids）对乌苏勒-贾迪德（usul-i jadid，即"新方法"）学堂的倡导、印刷文化的扩张、戏剧与现代文学的发展，以及以知识、规训、尊严与进步为核心概念对社会进行的重新审视。本文还探讨了马哈茂德·霍贾·贝布迪耶（Mahmud Khoja Behbudiy）、穆纳瓦尔·卡里（Munawwar Qari）、萨德尔丁·艾尼（Sadriddin Ayni）与阿卜杜拉乌夫·菲拉特（Abdurauf Fitrat）等顶尖改良人士在重塑中亚公共话语体系中发挥的作用。从当代视角来看，贾迪德主义不仅可被视作一场文化与教育运动，更可视为一项植根于人力资本、公民意识与民族自我革新的早期社会与社会经济现代化项目。本研究认为，尤迪德派的历史遗产至今仍与当下关于教育、身份认同与发展的诸多议题高度相关。