Supplementary information for: ECOACOUSTICS IN DEVELOPMENT: FROM THEORETICAL CHALLENGES TO INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORKS

Abstract: Ecoacoustics has emerged as a promising discipline to assess ecosystem health and inform conservation through the study of environmental sound. Yet, as a field still in development, it must not only refine its experimental approaches but also consolidate a shared theoretical foundation. Drawing lessons from landscape ecology, which has struggled with terminological ambiguity, theoretical fragmentation, and reductionist tendencies, we argue that ecoacoustics faces similar risks if these issues are not addressed early. Using bibliometric analyses and conceptual synthesis, we identify the main challenges that threaten the discipline’s theoretical coherence, including semantic and reference ambiguities in terminology, reliance on case studies, and metric proliferation. We then reflect on potential strategies to prevent their consolidation, highlighting the ecoscape as a framework particularly suited to address the challenge of complexity by linking spatial and sensory dimensions into a coherent hierarchy. While not a universal solution, the ecoscape contributes to theoretical integration, helping clarify study objects and guide hypothesis formulation. We also conclude that consolidating precise terminology, strengthening conceptual integration, and avoiding premature generalizations are key steps for ecoacoustics to advance as a predictive, hypothesis-driven science capable of contributing cumulative knowledge to ecology and conservation practice. In this dataset you can find the codes and searches to replicate performed analyses.摘要： 生态声学（Ecoacoustics）作为一门新兴学科，通过对环境声音的研究为评估生态系统健康状况、为生态保护提供决策支持展现出良好前景。然而作为尚处于发展阶段的领域，其不仅需要优化实验方法，还需构建统一的理论基础。借鉴曾饱受术语歧义、理论碎片化以及还原论倾向困扰的景观生态学的经验教训，我们认为，若不尽早解决这些问题，生态声学也将面临类似的风险。本研究通过文献计量分析与概念综合研究，明确了威胁该学科理论统一性的核心挑战，包括术语的语义与指代歧义、过度依赖案例研究以及指标泛滥。随后我们探讨了规避这些问题固化的潜在策略，提出生态景观（ecoscape）作为适配性框架，通过将空间维度与感官维度整合为统一层级结构以应对复杂性挑战。尽管并非普适性解决方案，但该框架有助于实现理论整合，明确研究对象并指导假说构建。我们同时得出结论：构建精准的术语体系、强化概念整合以及避免过早泛化，是生态声学发展为可预测、以假说为驱动的科学的关键步骤，此类科学能够为生态学与保护实践积累可供借鉴的知识。 本数据集收录了可复现本研究已开展的各项分析所需的代码与检索方案。