A 1-km June–September monthly aboveground net primary productivity dataset for northern China's grasslands from 2002 to 2020

This repository provides a spatially continuous 1-km monthly aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) dataset for stable grasslands in northern China covering the period from 2002 to 2020. The dataset includes monthly ANPP maps for June, July, August, and September derived from an LSTM-based modelling framework that integrates field ANPP observations with multi-source environmental predictors, including monthly climate variables, MODIS vegetation indices, canopy structure variables, topographic variables, and land-cover information. The repository contains: Monthly ANPP maps (GeoTIFF format) for June–September (2002–2020); Stable grassland mask; Grassland occurrence frequency raster; Metadata and file inventory; Documentation describing the dataset structure and variables. The dataset has a spatial resolution of 1 km and covers the stable grasslands of six provincial-level regions in northern China, including Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, and the Tibet Autonomous Region. This dataset is intended for studies of grassland productivity, ecosystem modelling, climate–vegetation interactions, carbon-cycle research, and regional ecological assessment. It may also serve as a benchmark dataset for evaluating remote-sensing products and ecosystem models. If you use this dataset, please cite this Zenodo record.