Data from: Colonization of the Aeolian Islands by Pimelia rugulosa rugulosa Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) inferred from the genetic structure of populations: geological and environmental relations.

The darkling beetle Pimelia rugulosa rugulosa Germar, 1824 was selected to investigate the process of colonization in a volcanic archipelago and the role of volcanism in determining spatial patterns of genetic variability. Analyses were conducted in the Aeolian Islands, located in the central Mediterranean directly off the Sicilian coast. Genetic variability and geographic structure were studied in individuals from each island of the archipelago based on sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 mitochondrial gene; a network approach was employed to identify haplotype lineages. A strong genetic structure, with no haplotype sharing among islands, was observed. Six separate lineages were identified that independently colonized different islands of the archipelago from the mainland and differentiated locally to form small haplogroups. Variability of observed haplogroups is correlated with island age and a positive correlation between tenebrionid diversity and mitotype diversity is reported. Some, yet undescribed, catastrophic event is hypothesized to explain the depletion of a substantial part of genetic as well as biological diversity in the island of Filicudi.

本研究选取暗纹拟步甲（*Pimelia rugulosa rugulosa* Germar, 1824），旨在探究火山群岛的定殖过程，以及火山活动在塑造遗传变异空间格局中的作用。研究于地中海中部、西西里海岸外的利帕里群岛（Aeolian Islands）开展。基于细胞色素c氧化酶亚基2线粒体基因序列，本研究对该群岛各岛屿的个体开展了遗传变异与地理结构分析，并采用网络分析法识别单倍型谱系。结果显示，群体存在强烈的遗传结构，各岛屿间无共享单倍型。研究共鉴定出6个独立谱系，这些谱系均从大陆定殖该群岛的不同岛屿，并在当地分化形成小型单倍群。观测到的单倍群变异与岛屿年龄呈正相关，同时本研究报道拟步甲科类群（tenebrionid）多样性与线粒体单倍型（mitotype）多样性之间存在正相关关系。另有假说认为，某次尚未被描述的灾难性事件，可解释菲利库迪岛（Filicudi）上大量遗传及生物多样性的丧失。