Data & code repository for "A re-appraisal of the ENSO response to volcanism with paleoclimate data assimilation"
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This repository includes the data and code that can be used to reproduce the figures for the paper entitled <em>A re-appraisal of the ENSO response to volcanism with paleoclimate data assimilation</em> (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28210-1). The code is tested with Python v3.8, and the package LMRt (Zhu et. al., 2021) is required to perform essential analysis (e.g. Superposed Epoch Analysis) and the corresponding visualization. <strong>Repository Structure</strong> <code>recons</code>: the folder that includes our reconstructions of (i) the NINO3.4 series with 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.95 quantiles and (ii) the ensemble median surface temperature field <code>recon_Ocn2kCorals_Li13b6.nc</code>: the reconstruction that assimilates all the available Ocean2k corals (Tierney et al., 2015; PAGES2k Consortium, 2017) and the six best ENSO predictors in Li et al. (2013). <code>recon_Corals_Li13b6.nc</code>: the reconstruction that assimilates the corals reaching back before 1750 CE and the six best ENSO predictors in Li et al. (2013). <code>recon_Corals.nc</code>: the reconstruction that assimilates the corals reaching back before 1750 CE. <code>recon_Li13b6.nc</code>: the reconstruction that assimilates the six best ENSO predictors in Li et al. (2013). <code>notebooks</code>: the folder that includes Jupyter notebooks <code>Fig-1.ipynb</code>: the notebook that performs analysis and generates Fig. 1 in the main text <code>Fig-2.ipynb</code>: the notebook that performs analysis and generates Fig. 2 in the main text <code>Fig-3.ipynb</code>: the notebook that performs analysis and generates Fig. 3 in the main text <code>Fig-4.ipynb</code>: the notebook that performs analysis and generates Fig. 4 in the main text <code>data</code>: the folder that includes auxiliary data for the analysis and visualization <code>proxy_locs.pkl</code>: the pickle file that includes the location information of the assimilated proxies <code>eVolv2k_v3_ds_1.nc</code>: the eVolv2k v3 volcanic forcing data (Toohey & Sigl, 2017), which is publicly available and can be downloaded here <code>palmyra2013.txt</code>: the Palmyra coral d18O data (Emile-Geay et al., 2013), which is publicly available and can be downloaded here <code>Li13b6.txt</code>: the six best ENSO predictors in Li et al. (2013), including the first two principle components (PCs) of the North American Drought Atlas (NADA; Cook et al., 2004) and Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA; Cook et al., 2010) networks, the Kauri tree-ring composite (Fowler et al., 2012), and the South America Altiplano (SA Altiplano) tree-ring composite (Morales et al., 2012) <code>enso-li2013.txt</code>: the Li et al. (2013) NINO3.4 reconstruction, which is publicly available and can be downloaded with the link: <code>ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-li2013.txt</code> <code>ERSSTv5_sst_DJF.nc</code>: the ERSSTv5 boreal winter (December-February) SST field data (Huang et al., 2017) <code>figs</code>: the folder that includes figures <code>Fig-1.pdf</code>: Fig. 1 in the main text <code>Fig-2.pdf</code>: Fig. 2 in the main text <code>Fig-3.pdf</code>: Fig. 3 in the main text <code>Fig-4.pdf</code>: Fig. 4 in the main text <strong>References</strong> Cook, E. R., Woodhouse, C. A., Eakin, C. M., Meko, D. M., & Stahle, D. W. (2004). Long-Term Aridity Changes in the Western United States. Science, 306(5698), 1015–1018. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102586 Cook, E. R., Anchukaitis, K. J., Buckley, B. M., D’Arrigo, R. D., Jacoby, G. C., & Wright, W. E. (2010). Asian Monsoon Failure and Megadrought During the Last Millennium. Science, 328(5977), 486–489. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1185188 Emile-Geay, J., Cobb, K. M., Mann, M. E., & Wittenberg, A. T. (2013). Estimating Central Equatorial Pacific SST Variability over the Past Millennium. Part II: Reconstructions and Implications. Journal of Climate, 26(7), 2329–2352. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00511.1 Fowler, A. M., Boswijk, G., Lorrey, A. M., Gergis, J., Pirie, M., McCloskey, S. P. J., et al. (2012). Multi-centennial tree-ring record of ENSO-related activity in New Zealand. Nature Climate Change, 2(3), 172–176. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1374 Huang, B., Thorne, P. W., Banzon, V. F., Boyer, T., Chepurin, G., Lawrimore, J. H., et al. (2017). Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, Version 5 (ERSSTv5): Upgrades, Validations, and Intercomparisons. Journal of Climate, 30(20), 8179–8205. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1 Li, J., Xie, S.-P., Cook, E. R., Morales, M. S., Christie, D. A., Johnson, N. C., et al. (2013). El Niño modulations over the past seven centuries. Nature Climate Change, 3(9), 822–826. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1936 Morales, M. S., Christie, D. A., Villalba, R., Argollo, J., Pacajes, J., Silva, J. S., et al. (2012). Precipitation changes in the South American Altiplano since 1300 AD reconstructed by tree-rings. Climate of the Past, 8(2), 653–666. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-653-2012 PAGES2k Consortium (2017). A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era. Scientific Data, 4, 170088. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.88 Tierney, J. E., Abram, N. J., Anchukaitis, K. J., Evans, M. N., Giry, C., Kilbourne, K. H., et al. (2015). Tropical sea surface temperatures for the past four centuries reconstructed from coral archives. Paleoceanography, 30(3), 2014PA002717. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002717 Toohey, M., & Sigl, M. (2017). Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth from 500 BCE to 1900 CE. Earth System Science Data, 9(2), 809–831. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-809-2017 Zhu, F., Emile-Geay, J. Hakim, G. J., Tardif, R., and Perkins., A., (2021). LMR Turbo (LMRt): a lightweight implementation of the LMR framework (0.8.0). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5205223 <strong>How to cite this repo</strong> This repo can be cited with DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5716165.
本仓库包含可复现题为《利用古气候数据同化重新评估厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ENSO）对火山活动的响应》（DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28210-1）的论文配图所需的数据与代码。本代码已在Python 3.8版本下完成测试，执行核心分析（如合成序列分析（Superposed Epoch Analysis））及配套可视化工作需依赖LMRt工具包（Zhu等，2021）。**仓库结构** <code>recons</code>：该文件夹包含两类重建结果：(i) 带有0.05、0.25、0.5、0.75、0.95分位数的NINO3.4序列，以及(ii) 集合中位地表温度场。 <code>recon_Ocn2kCorals_Li13b6.nc</code>：该重建结果同化了所有可用的Ocean2k珊瑚数据（Tierney等，2015；PAGES2k联盟，2017）以及Li等（2013）提出的6个最优ENSO预测因子。 <code>recon_Corals_Li13b6.nc</code>：该重建结果同化了可追溯至公元1750年之前的珊瑚数据，以及Li等（2013）提出的6个最优ENSO预测因子。 <code>recon_Corals.nc</code>：该重建结果仅同化了可追溯至公元1750年之前的珊瑚数据。 <code>recon_Li13b6.nc</code>：该重建结果仅同化了Li等（2013）提出的6个最优ENSO预测因子。 <code>notebooks</code>：该文件夹包含Jupyter Notebook脚本。 <code>Fig-1.ipynb</code>：用于执行分析并生成正文中图1的脚本。 <code>Fig-2.ipynb</code>：用于执行分析并生成正文中图2的脚本。 <code>Fig-3.ipynb</code>：用于执行分析并生成正文中图3的脚本。 <code>Fig-4.ipynb</code>：用于执行分析并生成正文中图4的脚本。 <code>data</code>：该文件夹包含分析与可视化所需的辅助数据。 <code>proxy_locs.pkl</code>：该Pickle文件包含同化代用资料的位置信息。 <code>eVolv2k_v3_ds_1.nc</code>：eVolv2k v3版本火山强迫数据（Toohey & Sigl，2017），该数据为公开可用资源，可从指定链接下载。 <code>palmyra2013.txt</code>：Palmyra珊瑚δ18O数据（Emile-Geay等，2013），该数据为公开可用资源，可从指定链接下载。 <code>Li13b6.txt</code>：Li等（2013）提出的6个最优ENSO预测因子，包括北美干旱图集（North American Drought Atlas, NADA；Cook等，2004）与亚洲季风干旱图集（Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas, MADA；Cook等，2010）网络的前两个主成分（Principal Components, PCs）、贝壳杉树轮合成序列（Fowler等，2012）以及南美高原（South America Altiplano, SA Altiplano）树轮合成序列（Morales等，2012）。 <code>enso-li2013.txt</code>：Li等（2013）的NINO3.4重建序列，该数据为公开可用资源，可通过以下链接下载：<code>ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-li2013.txt</code> <code>ERSSTv5_sst_DJF.nc</code>：ERSSTv5版本北半球冬季（12月-2月）海表温度场数据（Huang等，2017）。 <code>figs</code>：该文件夹包含论文配图。 <code>Fig-1.pdf</code>：正文中的图1 <code>Fig-2.pdf</code>：正文中的图2 <code>Fig-3.pdf</code>：正文中的图3 <code>Fig-4.pdf</code>：正文中的图4 **参考文献** Cook, E. R., Woodhouse, C. A., Eakin, C. M., Meko, D. M., & Stahle, D. W. (2004). Long-Term Aridity Changes in the Western United States. *Science*, 306(5698), 1015–1018. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102586 Cook, E. R., Anchukaitis, K. J., Buckley, B. M., D’Arrigo, R. D., Jacoby, G. C., & Wright, W. E. (2010). Asian Monsoon Failure and Megadrought During the Last Millennium. *Science*, 328(5977), 486–489. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1185188 Emile-Geay, J., Cobb, K. M., Mann, M. E., & Wittenberg, A. T. (2013). Estimating Central Equatorial Pacific SST Variability over the Past Millennium. Part II: Reconstructions and Implications. *Journal of Climate*, 26(7), 2329–2352. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00511.1 Fowler, A. M., Boswijk, G., Lorrey, A. M., Gergis, J., Pirie, M., McCloskey, S. P. J., et al. (2012). Multi-centennial tree-ring record of ENSO-related activity in New Zealand. *Nature Climate Change*, 2(3), 172–176. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1374 Huang, B., Thorne, P. W., Banzon, V. F., Boyer, T., Chepurin, G., Lawrimore, J. H., et al. (2017). Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, Version 5 (ERSSTv5): Upgrades, Validations, and Intercomparisons. *Journal of Climate*, 30(20), 8179–8205. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1 Li, J., Xie, S.-P., Cook, E. R., Morales, M. S., Christie, D. A., Johnson, N. C., et al. (2013). El Niño modulations over the past seven centuries. *Nature Climate Change*, 3(9), 822–826. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1936 Morales, M. S., Christie, D. A., Villalba, R., Argollo, J., Pacajes, J., Silva, J. S., et al. (2012). Precipitation changes in the South American Altiplano since 1300 AD reconstructed by tree-rings. *Climate of the Past*, 8(2), 653–666. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-653-2012 PAGES2k Consortium (2017). A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era. *Scientific Data*, 4, 170088. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.88 Tierney, J. E., Abram, N. J., Anchukaitis, K. J., Evans, M. N., Giry, C., Kilbourne, K. H., et al. (2015). Tropical sea surface temperatures for the past four centuries reconstructed from coral archives. *Paleoceanography*, 30(3), 2014PA002717. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002717 Toohey, M., & Sigl, M. (2017). Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth from 500 BCE to 1900 CE. *Earth System Science Data*, 9(2), 809–831. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-809-2017 Zhu, F., Emile-Geay, J., Hakim, G. J., Tardif, R., & Perkins, A. (2021). LMR Turbo (LMRt): a lightweight implementation of the LMR framework (0.8.0). *Zenodo*. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5205223 **本仓库引用方式** 本仓库可通过DOI：10.5281/zenodo.5716165进行引用。
