Rapid functional recovery of anthropogenic soil cap during reclamation of a fly-ash landfill dataset

This dataset was assembled through a coordinated field sampling effort that captured detailed soil properties across multiple sampling periods and treatments. Soil samples were systematically collected under specified field blocks and plots over different years, with each sample assigned a unique identifier and classified by treatment type, depth interval, and block location. In addition to the comprehensive soil physicochemical properties—such as pH, electrical conductivity, total carbon, total nitrogen, aggregate stability, nutrient concentrations (e.g., nitrogen species, phosphorus), and available micronutrients, the dataset incorporates complementary runoff measurements and bulk density assessments. The integration of runoff data provides insights into water movement over or through the soil surface, while bulk density information serves as a proxy for soil compaction and porosity.