Unit process data for Rapeseed production in the U.S. wheat belt

Rapeseed is being considered as a potential feedstock for hydrotreated renewable jet (HRJ) fuel in the USA through its cultivation in rotation with wheat. The goal of this research was to determine the impact of soil C changes, induced through replacing the fallow period with rapeseed in rotation with wheat, and the effects it would have on emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) of rapeseed HRJ. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Tier 1) method was used with modifications to determine the changes in soil C of wheat–wheat–rapeseed (WWR) relative to the reference wheat–wheat–fallow (WWF) rotation for 20 years of cultivation. The 27 case scenarios were conducted to study the impacts of changes in management practices (tillage practice and residue input) on changes in soil C for WWR rotation in multiple locations in 10 US states. The CO2 emissions resulting from soil C changes were incorporated into the rapeseed HRJ pathway in order to evaluate the GHG emissions.
These crop production simulations illustrate using the IPCC (Tier 1) method for calculating changes in soil C and the roundtable on sustainable biomaterials (RSB) method for estimating N2O emissions in different locations for the use in modeling the crop production portion of the HRJ lifecycle. Data are archived in a SimaPro .csv file, which can be imported into various life cycle assessment modeling tools.
The locations for cultivation of rapeseed were chosen from the top 5 wheat-producing counties in these states: CA, KS, MT, ND, NE, OK, OR, TX, SD, and WA (USDA 2007), which are the major wheat growing states in the USA. The cropping system of WWR rotation was assumed to be planted on long-term cultivated land, and soil C changes were calculated based on one hectare of land. The use of tillage practices and crop residue managements for wheat cultivation vary across the USA (Horowitz et al. 2010). Therefore, in this study, the cultivation of rapeseed in rotation with wheat was assumed to use a range of tillage practices and residue inputs. In order to simplify the analysis, the same tillage practices were assumed to be adopted for wheat and rapeseed. However, variations of
residue inputs for both crops as low (L), medium (M), and high (H) without manure (Lasco et al. 2006) were included. These levels refer to the amounts of residue produced in growing the crops. Harvesting residues would further reduce residue inputs. However, residue harvest effects are not included in this analysis. The estimates of soil C change for WWR rotation were compared to WWF rotation as the reference system. Although variations of tillage practices are used for fallow rotation, reduced tillage is one of the practices that is commonly used for fallow rotation (Baker 2011). The proposed condition for the reference WWF was assumed to use high residue input for wheat, low residue input for the fallow period (since no crop is typically grown at this time), and reduced tillage for both wheat and fallow.
Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: rapeseed; average tillage mix; at farm; 9% moisture, csv. File Name: rapeseed; average tillage mix; at farm; 9% moisture.csvResource Description: Metadata about the process and factors surrounding the rapeseed cultivation including processes and materials used, soil conditions, emissions, etc. Resource Title: Calculation_N2O emissions. File Name: Calculation_N2O emissions.xlsxResource Title: Calculation_soil C change. File Name: Calculation_soil C change.xlsxResource Title: Data Dictionary - Unit process data for Rapeseed production in the U.S. wheat belt. File Name: Data Dictionary - Unit process data rapeseed production US wheat belt.csv

在我国，油菜籽被视为一种潜在的加氢处理可再生喷气燃料（HRJ）的原料，其种植与小麦轮作。本研究的目的是确定通过将轮作中的休闲期以油菜籽替代，引发的土壤碳变化对油菜籽HRJ温室气体（GHG）排放的影响。本研究采用了政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的（第1级）方法并进行修改，以确定与参照系统小麦-小麦-休闲（WWF）轮作相比，小麦-小麦-油菜籽（WWR）轮作20年种植期间的土壤碳变化。在10个美国州的多个地点进行了27个案例情景，以研究管理实践（耕作技术和残留物投入）变化对WWR轮作土壤碳变化的影响。将土壤碳变化产生的二氧化碳排放纳入油菜籽HRJ途径中，以评估温室气体排放。这些作物生产模拟说明了使用IPCC（第1级）方法计算土壤碳变化，以及圆桌可持续生物材料（RSB）方法估计不同地点的氧化亚氮（N2O）排放，用于建模HRJ生命周期中的作物生产部分。数据存档于SimaPro .csv文件中，可导入各种生命周期评估建模工具。选择种植油菜籽的地点为这些州的五大小麦生产县：加利福尼亚州（CA）、堪萨斯州（KS）、蒙大拿州（MT）、北达科他州（ND）、内布拉斯加州（NE）、俄克拉荷马州（OK）、俄勒冈州（OR）、德克萨斯州（TX）、南达科他州（SD）和华盛顿州（WA）（美国农业部2007年），这些州是美国的主要小麦种植州。假设WWR轮作种植系统位于长期耕作土地上，土壤碳变化是基于一公顷土地计算的。美国小麦种植的耕作技术和作物残留物管理存在差异（Horowitz等，2010年）。因此，在本研究中，假设油菜籽与小麦轮作采用一系列的耕作技术和残留物投入。为了简化分析，假设小麦和油菜籽采用相同的耕作技术。然而，包括低（L）、中（M）和高（H）无粪便（Lasco等，2006年）的残留物投入水平，这些水平指的是种植作物产生的残留物数量。收获残留物将进一步减少残留物投入。然而，本分析不包括残留物收获的影响。WWR轮作土壤碳变化估计与WWF轮作参照系统进行了比较。尽管耕作技术的变化用于休闲轮作，但减少耕作是休闲轮作中常用的做法之一（Baker 2011年）。假设参照系统WWF采用高残留物投入于小麦，低残留物投入于休闲期（因为此时通常不种植作物），以及小麦和休闲的减少耕作。本数据集中的资源包括：

资源标题：油菜籽；平均耕作混合；在农场；9%水分；文件名：油菜籽；平均耕作混合；在农场；9%水分.csv

资源描述：关于油菜籽种植过程中及周围的因素的元数据，包括过程和材料使用、土壤条件、排放等。

资源标题： Calculation_N2O emissions. 文件名： Calculation_N2O emissions.xlsx

资源标题： Calculation_soil C change. 文件名： Calculation_soil C change.xlsx

资源标题： 数据字典 - 美国小麦带油菜籽生产的单位过程数据。 文件名： 数据字典 - 美国小麦带油菜籽生产单位过程数据.csv