Supplementary Material for: Specifications of Computerized Provider Order Entry and Clinical Decision Support Systems for Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review

Objective: Chemotherapy medication errors are catastrophic. The prescription phase in the chemotherapy process plays a key role in the creation of medication errors, and therefore the use of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) and clinical decision support system (CDS) systems is recommended to reduce chemotherapy medication errors. The purpose of this study was to carry out a systematic review on the specifications of the CPOE and CDS systems for chemotherapy prescription. Materials and Methods: A systematic review on articles published in English up to September 22, 2017, using the 3 databases PubMed, Embase, and Medline was conducted. Those articles that focused on the specifications of CPOE and CDSS in chemotherapy prescription were included in this review. Findings: Of the 2,471 articles identified, 58 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Specifications related to chemotherapy CPOE systems were categorized into the following 6 groups: automation and facilitation of the chemotherapy prescription phase, hospital workflow support, documentation and reporting, drug safety, information security, and system communications. The specifications of chemotherapy CDSS were also divided into 4 categories: embedding chemotherapy protocols, automated dose calculations and adjustment, providing alerts/reminders at the time of prescribing, and guiding or asking the user to complete the important prescription parameters. In 12 articles, the chemotherapy prescription CDSS were designed and evaluated independently of the CPOE; 45 articles provided prescription chemotherapy CDSS as part of the CPOE system, and in 1 article CPOE was introduced with no CDSS. Conclusion: In complicated settings such as chemotherapy, simplification of the processes is more imperative. The use of chemotherapy CPOE, which includes specifications for helping the medical staff with their workload, encourages the professionals to use such systems and increases the likelihood for success of these systems.