Research Progress on the Immunomodulatory Mechanism of Ginseng Active Ingredients and Its Application in the Treatment of Diseases

Ginseng is a qi-tonifying herb with the properties of sweet， slightly bitter， and neutral taste. It is known for its effects of replenishing vital energy， promoting the production of body fluids， and calming the mind. The main active components of ginseng include ginsenosides， ginseng polysaccharides， volatile oils， and amino acids. These components have significant immunomodulatory effects on the human body and can exert actions against metabolic disorders， atherosclerosis， tumors， inflammation， and oxidation through immune regulation. Therefore， the active components of ginseng have potential applications in the fields of metabolic diseases， tumors， bone and joint diseases， and respiratory diseases. This article reviews the pharmacological effects of ginseng active components in treating various diseases through immune regulation and elucidates the mechanisms of action. It provides potential resources for the development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs and health products， and also offers theoretical basis for the basic research and clinical application of ginseng active components in immunotherapy of various diseases.