Biodiversity-productivity relationships are key to nature-based climate solutions

The global impacts of biodiversity loss and climate change are interlinked but the feedbacks between them are rarely assessed. Areas with greater tree diversity tend to be more productive, providing a greater carbon sink, and biodiversity loss could reduce these natural C sinks. Here, we quantify how tree and shrub species richness could affect biomass production at biome, national and regional scales. We find that greenhouse gas mitigation could help maintain tree diversity and thereby avoid a 9-39% reduction in terrestrial primary productivity across differ biomes, which cold otherwise occur over the next 50 years. Countries that will incur the greatest economic damages from climate change stand to benefit the most from conservation of tree diversity and primary productivity, which contributes to climate change mitigation. Our results emphasize an opportunity for a triple win for climate, biodiversity and society, and highlight how these co-benefits must be focused by reforestation pr...生物多样性丧失与气候变化的全球影响彼此关联，但二者间的反馈机制却鲜有研究评估。树木多样性更高的区域往往生产力更强，可提供更强的碳汇（carbon sink）功能；而生物多样性丧失则会削弱这类自然碳汇。本研究量化了乔木与灌木物种丰富度如何在生物群系（biome）、国家及区域尺度上影响生物量生产。研究发现，温室气体减排举措可助力维持树木多样性，进而避免未来50年内不同生物群系的陆地初级生产力出现9%至39%的降幅——若不采取减排措施，这一降幅本会发生。那些将因气候变化承受最严重经济损失的国家，也将从保护树木多样性与生物量生产中获益最多，而这一举措本身也有助于减缓气候变化。本研究结果凸显了气候、生物多样性与社会三方共赢的机遇，并强调需通过植树造林等举措聚焦实现这些协同效益。