Proximal multi-scenario SWIR hyperspectral dataset of clay-type lithium deposits from China with mineral abundances and geochemistry

Dataset overview The Proximal Multi-Scenario SWIR Hyperspectral Mineral Abundance Dataset is a proximal shortwave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral dataset designed for mineralogical analysis, mineral abundance estimation, and cross-scenario spectral studies in geological materials. The dataset covers four complementary observation scenarios: powder, drill cores, hand specimens, and in-situ outcrops. These scenarios together provide a multi-scale and multi-condition framework for linking hyperspectral measurements with mineralogical, geochemical, spatial, and sampling-reference information. This dataset uses clay-type lithium mineralization hosted in carbonate successions as its sample source, with most samples collected from southwest China, mainly Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. These sampling areas are mainly located within the Yangtze Block. The dataset is organized into four main folders: 1-Powder 2-Drill core 3-Hand specimen 4-In-situ outcrop Within these folders, the dataset includes hyperspectral image data, mineralogical and geochemical analytical results, drill-core sampling annotations, white-reference spectra for empirical calibration, and geographic position information. This structure supports integrated studies of spectral response, mineral abundance, sample correspondence, and spatial context across multiple proximal sensing scenarios. Data forms and metadata Most hyperspectral image data in the dataset are provided in ENVI format, typically consisting of paired: .img .hdr files. The associated .hdr header files store the main metadata, including wavelength information and other acquisition-related parameters. For powder, drill cores, and hand specimens, the hyperspectral data are provided as reflectance or relative reflectance products generated during preprocessing. For in-situ outcrop scanning, the hyperspectral images are provided as radiometrically corrected data, and users are expected to further derive reflectance using the corresponding white-reference spectra and an empirical line calibration approach. In addition to hyperspectral image files, the dataset also includes supporting data in CSV, Excel, PNG, compressed archive, and ENVI spectral library formats, depending on data type and usage. Each major data category includes a README.pdf file that describes the data organization, file structure, data content and format information. These README files are provided to help users navigate the data packages and use the files appropriately for further processing and analysis. General folder structure 1. 1-Powder This folder contains SWIR hyperspectral data of powder samples together with their corresponding mineralogical and geochemical analytical results. The hyperspectral images are organized by drill hole, and sample identifiers provide direct links to the mineralogical and geochemical tables. Supporting files include processed QXRD results, raw QXRD data, XRD raw data, geochemical analytical results, and analytical quality-control information. The parent directory also includes representative 5 × 5 pixel average spectra extracted from the image center region in both .txt and .csv formats. 2. 2-Drill core This folder contains continuous drill core hyperspectral scanning data, sampling-location annotations, and drill hole position information. The drill core HSI data are organized by drill hole and stored as compressed archives, with individual cropped core segments named according to drill hole, tray number, and row number. Sampling annotation images indicate the positions of powder-sample collection points on drill core trays and provide the linkage between drill core observations and powder-based mineralogical and geochemical analyses. Geographic coordinates and elevation information for each drill hole are also included (position information.csv). 3. 3-Hand specimen This folder contains reflectance hyperspectral data of hand specimens. The data were acquired and processed using HySpex laboratory software with a fixed white-reference correction procedure. Each hand specimen dataset is stored in ENVI format, and metadata are preserved in the corresponding header files. 4. 4-In-situ outcrop This folder contains in-situ outcrop hyperspectral scanning data, white-board reference spectra, and outcrop position information. Unlike the other scenarios, the outcrop HSI data were processed only to the radiometric-correction stage and are not final reflectance products. White-board spectra measured by an SR-3500 spectroradiometer are therefore provided to support empirical line calibration from radiometrically corrected image data to apparent or relative reflectance. Geographic location and elevation information for each scanned outcrop are also included (position information.csv). Dataset significance By combining proximal SWIR hyperspectral measurements with mineralogical, geochemical, positional, and annotation information across multiple geological sample scenarios, this dataset provides a unified resource for: mineral abundance estimation, hyperspectral unmixing, spectral comparison across sample forms and acquisition conditions, calibration and validation of mineral mapping methods, and reproducible cross-scenario geological spectroscopy research. Sample types and ID coding scheme Sample type ID example Description Drill core DC1111S01 Sample IDs follow the format DCxxxxSxx, where DC denotes drill core, xxxx is the core code, S indicates spectral sample, and xx is the sequence number. Powder PDC1111S01 Sample IDs follow the format Pxxxxxxxxx, like PDCxxxxSxx, where PDC denotes drill-core powder sample. Exploration trench ET1111S01 Sample IDs follow the format ETxxxxSxx, where ET denotes exploration trench, xxxx is the trench code, S indicates spectral, and xx is the sequence number. Stripped outcrop ST1111S01 Sample IDs follow the format STxxxxSxx, where ST denotes stripped site, xxxx is the stripped outcrop code, S indicates spectral, and xx is the sequence number. Hand specimen HS0001R1 Sample IDs follow the format HSxxxxRx, where HS denotes hand specimen, xxxx is the sample code, and Rx indicates the scan number. In-situ outcrop OC0001R1 Sample IDs follow the format OCxxxxRx, where OC denotes outcrop scaning, xxxx is the sample code, and Rx indicates the scan number.数据集概览 近距多场景短波红外（SWIR）高光谱矿物丰度数据集是一款专为地质材料的矿物学分析、矿物丰度估算及跨场景光谱研究打造的近距短波红外高光谱数据集。本数据集涵盖四种互补的观测场景：粉末样品、岩心、手标本以及原位露头，共同构建了多尺度、多条件的研究框架，可将高光谱测量数据与矿物学、地球化学、空间信息及采样参考信息进行关联。 本数据集按四个主要文件夹进行组织： 1-Powder 2-Drill core 3-Hand specimen 4-In-situ outcrop 上述文件夹内包含高光谱图像数据、矿物学与地球化学分析结果、岩心采样标注、用于经验校准的白板参考光谱以及地理位置信息。该结构可支撑多场景近距传感下的光谱响应、矿物丰度、样品对应性及空间背景的整合研究。 数据格式与元数据 本数据集内绝大多数高光谱图像数据采用ENVI格式存储，通常由成对的.img与.hdr文件组成。配套的.hdr头文件存储了主要元数据，包括波长信息及其他采集相关参数。 针对粉末样品、岩心及手标本场景，高光谱数据以预处理阶段生成的反射率或相对反射率产品形式提供；而针对原位露头扫描场景，高光谱图像仅提供经过辐射校正的数据，用户需借助配套的白板参考光谱，通过经验线校准方法进一步推导得到反射率。 除高光谱图像文件外，本数据集还包含CSV、Excel、PNG、压缩归档及ENVI光谱库等多种格式的辅助数据，具体格式取决于数据类型与用途。 通用文件夹结构 1. 1-Powder 该文件夹包含粉末样品的短波红外高光谱数据，以及对应的矿物学与地球化学分析结果。高光谱图像按钻孔进行组织，样品标识符可直接关联至矿物学与地球化学数据表。辅助文件包括预处理后的定量X射线衍射（QXRD）结果、原始QXRD数据、X射线衍射（XRD）原始数据、地球化学分析结果以及分析质控信息。该父目录还包含从图像中心区域提取的典型5×5像素平均光谱，分别以.txt与.csv格式存储。 2. 2-Drill core 该文件夹包含连续岩心高光谱（HSI, Hyperspectral Image）扫描数据、采样位置标注以及钻孔位置信息。岩心高光谱数据按钻孔进行组织，以压缩归档形式存储，单段裁切岩心片段的命名规则为钻孔编号+托盘编号+行号。采样标注图像可标注岩心托盘上的粉末样品采集点位置，并建立岩心观测数据与粉末样品矿物学、地球化学分析之间的关联。每个钻孔的地理坐标与高程信息也一并提供。 3. 3-Hand specimen 该文件夹包含手标本的反射率高光谱数据。数据通过HySpex实验室软件采集并处理，采用固定白板校正流程。每份手标本数据集均采用ENVI格式存储，元数据存储于对应的头文件中。 4. 4-In-situ outcrop 该文件夹包含原位露头高光谱扫描数据、白板参考光谱以及露头位置信息。与其他场景不同，露头高光谱数据仅处理至辐射校正阶段，并非最终反射率产品。因此本数据集提供了由SR-3500光谱辐射计测得的白板光谱，可辅助将辐射校正后的图像数据通过经验线校准方法转换为表观反射率或相对反射率。每个扫描露头的地理位置与高程信息也一并提供。 数据集意义 本数据集将多场景地质样品的近距短波红外高光谱测量数据与矿物学、地球化学、位置信息及标注信息进行整合，可为以下研究提供统一的支撑资源： - 矿物丰度估算 - 高光谱解混 - 不同样品形态与采集条件下的光谱对比 - 矿物填图方法的校准与验证 - 可复现的跨场景地质光谱学研究 样品类型与ID编码规则 | 样品类型 | ID示例 | 说明 | |----------------|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------| | 岩心 | DC1111S01 | 样品ID遵循`DCxxxxSxx`格式：其中`DC`代表岩心，`xxxx`为岩心编号，`S`表示光谱样品，`xx`为序列号。 | | 粉末样品 | PDC1111S01 | 样品ID遵循`PDCxxxxSxx`格式：其中`PDC`代表岩心粉末样品。 | | 探槽 | ET1111S01 | 样品ID遵循`ETxxxxSxx`格式：其中`ET`代表探槽，`xxxx`为探槽编号，`S`表示光谱样品，`xx`为序列号。 | | 剥离露头 | ST1111S01 | 样品ID遵循`STxxxxSxx`格式：其中`ST`代表剥离场地，`xxxx`为剥离露头编号，`S`表示光谱样品，`xx`为序列号。 | | 手标本 | HS0001R1 | 样品ID遵循`HSxxxxRx`格式：其中`HS`代表手标本，`xxxx`为样品编号，`Rx`表示扫描序列号。 | | 原位露头 | OC0001R1 | 样品ID遵循`OCxxxxRx`格式：其中`OC`代表露头扫描，`xxxx`为样品编号，`Rx`表示扫描序列号。