Data from: The comparative landscape of duplications in Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius cydno

Gene duplications can facilitate adaptation and may lead to inter-population divergence, causing reproductive isolation. We used whole-genome re-sequencing data from 34 butterflies to detect duplications in two Heliconius species, H. cydno and H. melpomene. Taking advantage of three distinctive signals of duplication in short-read sequencing data, we identified 744 duplicated loci in H. cydno and H. melpomene, 96% of which were validated with single molecule sequencing. We have found that duplications overlap genes significantly less than expected at random in H. melpomene, consistent with the action of background selection against duplicates in functional regions of the genome. Duplicate loci that are highly differentiated between H. melpomene and H. cydno map to four different chromosomes. Four duplications were identified with a strong signal of divergent selection, including an odorant binding protein and another in close proximity with a known wing colour pattern locus that differs between the two species.

基因重复（Gene duplications）可促进物种适应，并可能引发种群间分化，进而导致生殖隔离。本研究依托34个蝴蝶个体的全基因组重测序数据，对两种袖蝶属（Heliconius）物种H. cydno与H. melpomene的基因重复事件开展检测。研究利用短读长测序数据中三类标志性的重复信号，在两种袖蝶中共鉴定出744个重复位点（duplicated loci），其中96%经单分子测序（single molecule sequencing）验证。我们发现，在H. melpomene中，重复区域与基因的重叠比例显著低于随机预期，这与基因组功能区域内针对重复序列的背景选择（background selection）作用相符。在H. melpomene与H. cydno间分化程度较高的重复位点分布于四条不同染色体上。本研究还鉴定出4个具有强歧化选择（divergent selection）信号的重复位点，其中包含一个气味结合蛋白（odorant binding protein），以及另一个与两物种间存在差异的已知翅色图案位点（wing colour pattern locus）紧密相邻的区域。