Data and metadata supporting the published article: Different pathologic responses to neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 in primary squamous lung cancer and regional lymph nodes

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy provides a unique opportunity for understanding therapeutic responses. In this study, the authors analyzed pathologic responses in surgical specimens obtained from 31 squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 treatment.Data access: The histology images (in jpg file format) supporting the findings of this study, are publicly available in the figshare repository, as part of this data record. Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 patient clinical data and the slide images of each post-treatment resected specimen, used in this study, are available on reasonable request from the corresponding author, Dr. Jianming Ying, email address: [e-mail]. Study approval and patient consent: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. All patients signed informed consent. Study aims and methodology: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for around 85% of all newly diagnosed lung cancers. In addition to targeted therapy, recent success with immunotherapies that block the immune inhibition of programmed death 1 (PD-1) protein or its ligand PD-L1 in different tumor types has brought major advances for the treatment of advanced NSCLC, including squamous NSCLC.In this study, the authors characterized the pathologic features of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resected squamous NSCLC according to the immune-related pathologic response criteria (irPRC), and reported additional histopathologic findings, especially residual viable tumor (RVT) in lymph nodes and immune-related phenotypes of RVT that may provide further prognostic indication and improve rational therapeutic decisions after surgery.Surgical specimens of post-treatment primary tumor and lymph node were obtained from 31 patients with squamous cell NSCLC who were recruited in a phase Ib study of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 (sintilimab) therapy at the National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Registration Number: ChiCTR-OIC-17013726). Patients received two doses of intravenous sintilimab (200mg) every 3 weeks (Q3W), followed by surgery within 29–43 days after the first dose of sintilimab.The following are described in more detail in the published article: gross pathologic examination and histologic assessments, immunohistochemistry, calculation of percentage of immune-related residual viable tumor (%irRVT) score, and identification of histopathological immune phenotypes of RVT.Data supporting the published article: The histology images in .jpg file format, supporting figures 2-4, are available as part of this data record. Supplementary table 1 is available in a .pdf format, and supports figures 1 and 5. Dataset Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 patient clinical data.xlsx is in .xlsx file format, and will be made available on request as described in the data access section above.