Time Trial 1 M HCl extraction data for the Windmill Islands marine sediments

These results are for the time trial extraction of HCl.

See also the metadata records for the 0.5 and 4 hour extractions of HCl.

A regional survey of potential contaminants in marine or estuarine sediments is often one of the first steps in a post-disturbance environmental impact assessment. Of the many different chemical extraction or digestion procedures that have been proposed to quantify metal contamination, partial acid extractions are probably the best overall compromise between selectivity, sensitivity, precision, cost and expediency. The extent to which measured metal concentrations relate to the anthropogenic fraction that is bioavailable is contentious, but is one of the desired outcomes of an assessment or prediction of biological impact. As part of a regional survey of metal contamination associated with Australia's past waste management activities in Antarctica, we wanted to identify an acid type and extraction protocol that would allow a reasonable definition of the anthropogenic bioavailable fraction for a large number of samples. From a kinetic study of the 1 M HCl extraction of two certified Certified Reference Materials (MESS-2 and PACS-2) and two Antarctic marine sediments, we concluded that a 4 hour extraction time allows the equilibrium dissolution of relatively labile metal contaminants, but does not favour the extraction of natural geogenic metals. In a regional survey of 88 marine samples from the Casey Station area of East Antarctica, the 4 h extraction procedure correlated best with biological data, and most clearly identified those sediments thought to be contaminated by runoff from abandoned waste disposal sites. Most importantly the 4 hour extraction provided better definition of the low to moderately contaminated locations by picking up small differences in anthropogenic metal concentrations. For the purposes of inter-regional comparison, we recommend a 4 hour 1 M HCl acid extraction as a standard method for assessing metal contamination in Antarctica.

The fields in this dataset are

Concentration
Extraction Time
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Nickel
Silver
Tin
Zinc

本结果对应盐酸（HCl）的时间梯度萃取试验。
另请参阅盐酸（HCl）0.5小时与4小时萃取实验的元数据记录。
海洋或河口沉积物中潜在污染物的区域调查，通常是扰动后环境影响评价的首要步骤之一。在众多用于量化金属污染的化学萃取或消解方法中，部分酸萃取法或许是兼顾选择性、灵敏度、精密度、成本与便捷性的最优综合方案。实测金属浓度与具有生物有效性的人为来源组分之间的关联程度尚存争议，但这正是生物影响评价或预测的核心目标之一。作为针对澳大利亚过往在南极洲开展的废物管理活动相关金属污染区域调查的一部分，本研究旨在筛选出一种酸试剂与萃取方案，能够对大量样本中的人为来源生物有效性组分进行合理界定。通过对两份标准参考物质（Certified Reference Materials）MESS-2与PACS-2以及两份南极海洋沉积物开展1 mol/L盐酸（HCl）萃取动力学研究，本研究得出结论：4小时的萃取时长可使相对不稳定的金属污染物达到平衡溶解，却不会优先萃取天然成岩金属。在对南极东部凯西站区域的88份海洋沉积物样本开展的区域调查中，4小时萃取方案与生物数据的相关性最优，且能最清晰地识别出被废弃废物处置场径流污染的沉积物。尤为关键的是，4小时萃取法可通过捕捉人为来源金属浓度的细微差异，更精准地界定低污染至中度污染的区域。为实现区域间的对比分析，本研究推荐采用4小时1 mol/L盐酸（HCl）萃取法作为南极洲金属污染评估的标准方法。
本数据集包含以下字段：浓度（Concentration）、萃取时长（Extraction Time）、锑（Antimony）、砷（Arsenic）、镉（Cadmium）、铬（Chromium）、铜（Copper）、铁（Iron）、铅（Lead）、锰（Manganese）、镍（Nickel）、银（Silver）、锡（Tin）、锌（Zinc）。