Data from: Continental-level population differentiation and environmental adaptation in the mushroom Suillus brevipes

Recent advancements in sequencing technology allowed researchers to better address the patterns and mechanisms involved in microbial environmental adaptation at large spatial scales. Here we investigated the genomic basis of adaptation to climate at the continental scale in Suillus brevipes, an ectomycorrhizal fungus symbiotically associated with the roots of pine trees. We used genomic data from 55 individuals in seven locations across North America to perform genome scans to detect signatures of positive selection and assess whether temperature and precipitation were associated with genetic differentiation. We found that S. brevipes exhibited overall strong population differentiation, with potential admixture in Canadian populations. This species also displayed genomic signatures of positive selection as well as genomic sites significantly associated with distinct climatic regimes and abiotic environmental parameters. These genomic regions included genes involved in transmembrane transport of substances and helicase activity potentially involved in cold stress response. Our study sheds light on large-scale environmental adaptation in fungi by identifying putative adaptive genes and providing a framework to further investigate the genetic basis of fungal adaptation.

近年来测序技术的进步，使得研究者得以更好地解析大空间尺度下微生物环境适应的相关模式与机制。本研究以与松树根系共生的外生菌根真菌短柄乳牛肝菌（Suillus brevipes）为对象，探究其在大陆尺度下适应气候的基因组基础。我们利用北美7个采样点共55个个体的基因组数据，开展全基因组扫描以检测正选择信号，并评估温度与降水是否与遗传分化存在关联。研究发现，短柄乳牛肝菌整体呈现显著的种群分化，加拿大种群存在潜在的遗传混合现象。该物种同时呈现出正选择的基因组信号，且存在与特定气候格局及非生物环境参数显著关联的基因组位点。这些基因组区域包含参与物质跨膜转运的基因，以及可能参与低温胁迫响应的解旋酶活性相关基因。本研究通过鉴定潜在适应性基因，并为后续探究真菌适应的遗传基础提供研究框架，为真菌的大尺度环境适应研究提供了重要见解。