Ancient volcanos as species pumps: A case study of freshwater amphipods in Northeast Asia

Volcano-tectonic processes have been viewed as primary divers in the formation of present-day diversity. Volcanos associated with mountain uplifts drives allopatric speciation through vicariance and may impact the surrounding areas like species pump or species attractor. However, the application of these hypotheses to aquatic fauna has rarely been tested explicitly. We conducted this research in the Changbai Mountains (Mts), which are one of the most typical, active volcanic ranges in Northeast (NE) Asia with a long and turbulent geological history. The Gammarus nekkensis species complex of amphipod crustaceans, widely distributed throughout NE Asia with poor dispersal abilities and a long evolutionary history, is a suitable model for testing these hypotheses. Phylogenetic and ancestral range reconstructions demonstrated that the studied amphipod originated from the Changbai Mts approximately 27 Ma and diverged into eastern (Clade I) and western (Clade II) clades, which corresponds well...

火山构造作用（volcano-tectonic processes）被视为塑造现今生物多样性的核心驱动因子。与山脉隆升相伴的火山活动可通过隔离分化驱动异域成种，并可如同"物种泵"或"物种吸引子"一般对周边区域产生影响。然而，上述假说应用于水生动物区系的相关研究却极少得到明确检验。本研究选取东北亚（Northeast Asia, NE Asia）最具典型性、活动活跃且地质历史漫长复杂的长白山（Changbai Mountains）火山带作为研究区域。广泛分布于东北亚、扩散能力较弱且演化历史悠久的端足类甲壳动物——Gammarus nekkensis物种复合群，是检验上述假说的理想模式类群。系统发育重建（phylogenetic reconstruction）与祖先分布区重建（ancestral range reconstruction）结果表明，所研究的端足类动物起源于约2700万年前的长白山，随后分化为东部支系（支系I）与西部支系（支系II），该结果与……高度吻合。