Sikyon Survey Project Archive

The Sikyon Survey Project is a fully integrated multidisciplinary research program to study the human presence and activity on the plateau of ancient Sikyon, a city in northeastern Peloponnese between Corinth and Achaia. The urban survey was begun in the summer of 2004 by the University of Thessaly in collaboration with the 37th Ephoreia of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, the Institute of Mediterranean Studies at FORTH, and the University of York (UK). A previous extensive regional survey was conducted between 1996 and 2002 in the ca. 360 km² territory of the ancient city. The goal of the research was twofold: the primary aim was to produce a multidisciplinary study of the intra-mural area across the ages, and to trace human presence and activity from prehistoric times to the early modern era. The second and more broad-ranging aim was to investigate the plateau in its context within the landscape and thus build upon the framework of the previous extensive survey of the territory of Sikyon. <strong>Background</strong> The plateau, which rises some 3.5 km southwest of the Corinthian gulf between the Asopos and Helisson rivers, was according to the ancient sources the acropolis of the Archaic and Classical city, which was itself located on the coast. In Archaic times, when ruled by the tyrannic family of the Orthagorids, Sikyon was one of the most powerful states of the Greek world and a cradle of the arts. Its artistic reputation carried on through the Classical and Hellenistic ages thanks to such famous painters and sculptors as Pausias, Kanachos and Lysippos. In 303 BCE, Demetrios Poliorketes, son of Antigonos I, destroyed the city in the plain and transferred it to the site of its acropolis. This initiative, beyond its practical purposes, conveyed a strong political message since Sikyon-Demetrias is one of the only two cities ever founded, or more precisely refounded, by a Macedonian ruler in the Peloponnese. The city grew in its new setting during the Hellenistic and Roman periods and witnessed a golden age in the third century BCE under general Aratos, head of the Achaian Confederacy. During the Roman Empire Sikyon lived in the shadow of Corinth, which was the capital of the province of Achaia. Likewise her bishopric attested already from the late 4th century CE depended on the archibishopric of Corinth. After the collapse of the Roman Empire Sikyon appears again in sources related to Frankish possessions in the Corinthia of the 13th and 14th centuries, this time under the name of Vasilika or Vasiliko. The village of Vasiliko, which presently occupies the southeastern corner of the plateau, is often mentioned in archives of the Ottoman and Second Venetian period (15th-18th centuries). <strong>Data</strong> The data in this collection is the "preservation" data for the project, which is better suited to the long-term preservation and re-use of the data. Due to the nature of software/format obsolescence, it is understood that this collection may not stand the test of time, but best-efforts have been taken to ensure maximum re-usability. A companion collection of "dissemination" data (10.5281/zenodo.1054550) has been created which is an exact replica of the data content but in more immediately re-usable formats. These collections will not be actively migrated like a proper archive kept at the ADS or tDAR, but best efforts have been made to ensure their re-usability. The collection has the following data: Database CSV files representing the database tables An Entity Relationship Diagram showing how to reconstruct the databases GIS GML files of the spatial data Geophysics XYZ data with plot metadata for all the University of York survey data Photos Square photographs, including pottery finds and landscape features Tract photographs with vegetation and landscape conditions Architectural Features General photos of the team working in the field and off-site锡基翁调查项目（Sikyon Survey Project）是一项完全整合的多学科研究计划，旨在研究伯罗奔尼撒半岛东北部科林斯与阿哈伊亚之间的古城锡基翁台地上的人类活动与存在。本次城市考古调查于2004年夏启动，由塞萨利大学联合希腊史前与古典文物第37文物局、希腊研究与技术基金会（FORTH）地中海研究所、英国约克大学共同开展。1996至2002年间，研究团队已针对该古城约360平方千米的辖区开展过大规模区域考古调查。 本研究目标分为两部分：首要目标是对不同历史时期的城墙内区域开展多学科研究，追溯从史前时代至近代早期的人类活动与踪迹；第二项覆盖范围更广的目标，则是在区域景观背景下对该台地展开研究，以此延续此前针对锡基翁辖区的大规模区域调查框架。 <strong>背景</strong> 该台地位于科林斯湾西南约3.5千米处，坐落于阿索波斯河与赫利松河之间。据古典文献记载，此处曾是古风时代与古典时代城市的卫城，而该城市原址位于沿海地带。在由奥塔戈里德僭主家族统治的古风时代，锡基翁曾是希腊世界最强大的城邦之一，亦是艺术的摇篮。其艺术声望经由古典时代与希腊化时代延续，得益于帕西阿斯、卡纳乔斯与利西波斯等知名画家与雕塑家的贡献。公元前303年，安提柯一世之子德米特里·波利奥克特斯摧毁了平原上的古城，并将城市迁至卫城遗址。此举除实用目的外，亦传递了强烈的政治信号——锡基翁-德米特里亚是马其顿统治者在伯罗奔尼撒半岛仅有的两座新建（或更准确地说，重建）城市之一。在希腊化时代与罗马时期，新城在新址蓬勃发展，并在公元前3世纪阿卡亚同盟统帅阿拉托斯的治理下迎来黄金时代。罗马帝国时期，锡基翁始终依附于作为阿哈伊亚行省首府的科林斯。同样，其主教辖区自公元4世纪晚期便隶属于科林斯总教区。罗马帝国崩溃后，锡基翁再度出现在13至14世纪科林斯地区法兰克领地的史料中，彼时其名称为瓦西利卡或瓦西利科。如今占据台地东南角的瓦西利科村，在奥斯曼帝国与第二次威尼斯统治时期（15至18世纪）的档案中多有记载。 <strong>数据</strong> 本数据集收录的是本项目的"留存型"数据，更便于数据的长期留存与复用。鉴于软件与格式过时的固有特性，本数据集或许无法经受时间的考验，但研究团队已尽最大努力保障其最大复用性。配套的"传播型"数据集（10.5281/zenodo.1054550）已同步发布，其数据内容与本数据集完全一致，但采用了更便于直接复用的格式。与美国航空航天局天体物理学数据系统（ADS）或塔尔西考古数据资源库（tDAR）的专业档案不同，本数据集不会进行主动迁移，但研究团队已尽最大努力保障其可复用性。本数据集包含以下内容： 1. 代表数据库表的CSV数据库文件 2. 用于重建数据库的实体关系图 3. 空间数据的GIS GML文件 4. 约克大学调查项目所有数据的地球物理XYZ数据及绘图元数据 5. 照片：包含陶器遗存与景观特征的方形照片 6. 记录植被与景观状况的区域照片 7. 建筑遗存：田野与非现场团队作业的全景照片