"Table 140" of "Anisotropic flow and flow fluctuations of identified hadrons in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV"

The first measurements of elliptic flow of $\mathrm{\pi}^{\pm}$, $\mathrm{K}^{\pm}$, $\mathrm{p}+\bar{\mathrm{p}}$, $\mathrm{K_{S}^{0}}$, $\Lambda+\bar{\Lambda}$, $\mathrm{\phi}$, $\mathrm{\Xi^{\mp}}$, and $\mathrm{\Omega^{\mp}}$ using multiparticle cumulants in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV are presented. Results obtained with two- ($v_2\{2\}$) and four-particle cumulants ($v_2\{4\}$) are shown as a function of transverse momentum, $p_{\rm T}$, for various collision centrality intervals. Combining the data for both $v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$ also allows us to report the first measurements of the mean elliptic flow, elliptic flow fluctuations, and relative elliptic flow fluctuations for various hadron species. These observables probe the event-by-event eccentricity fluctuations in the initial state and the contributions from the dynamic evolution of the expanding quark--gluon plasma. The characteristic features observed in previous $p_{\rm T}$-differential anisotropic flow measurements for identified hadrons with two-particle correlations, namely the mass ordering at low $p_{\rm T}$ and the approximate scaling with the number of constituent quarks at intermediate $p_{\rm T}$, are similarly present in the four-particle correlations and the combinations of $v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$. In addition, a particle species dependence of flow fluctuations is observed that could indicate a significant contribution from final state hadronic interactions. The comparison between experimental measurements and CoLBT model calculations, which combine the various physics processes of hydrodynamics, quark coalescence, and jet fragmentation, illustrates their importance over a wide $p_{\rm T}$ range.本文报道了在质心系能量√s_NN=5.02 TeV的铅核-铅核（Pb--Pb）碰撞中，利用多粒子累积量对π±、K±、p+$ar{p}$、K_S^0、Λ+$ar{Λ}$、φ、Ξ∓及Ω∓的椭圆流开展的首次测量。基于二粒子累积量（v2{2}）与四粒子累积量（v2{4}）得到的结果，以横向动量（transverse momentum, p_T）为自变量，展示了不同碰撞中心度区间内的分布情况。结合v2{2}与v2{4}的实验数据，我们还首次报道了不同强子种类的平均椭圆流、椭圆流涨落及相对椭圆流涨落的测量结果。上述观测量可用于探究初始态的逐事件偏心率涨落，以及膨胀夸克胶子等离子体的动力学演化所带来的贡献。此前通过两粒子关联对已鉴别强子开展的p_T微分各向异性流测量中观测到的特征，即低p_T区间的质量序规律，以及中间p_T区间随组成夸克数目近似标度的行为，在四粒子关联以及v2{2}与v2{4}的组合结果中同样存在。此外，我们还观测到椭圆流涨落存在强子种类依赖性，这暗示末态强子相互作用可能存在显著贡献。将实验测量结果与结合流体力学、夸克聚结与喷注碎裂多种物理过程的CoLBT模型计算结果进行对比，证实了该模型在宽广p_T区间内的有效性。