LINGUISTIC-COGNITIVE FEATURES OF LANGUAGE AND ITS SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT HISTORY

Over the past decades, linguistics has been developing within an anthropocentric approach to the study of language, focusing on the interaction between language and humans from psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic, ethnolinguistic, and linguistic-cognitive perspectives. Research shows that the connection between language and thought plays a mediating role in shaping human cognitive activity. Scholars such as Wilhelm von Humboldt, L.S. Vygotsky, A.A. Potebnya, E. Benvenist, and others have deeply studied the role of language in thinking, as well as the formation of knowledge and experience through language. Modern studies focus on linguistic thinking, language consciousness, and linguistic personality, demonstrating the relationship of language with human cognition and culture.数十年来，语言学始终遵循人类中心主义研究路径开展语言探索，从心理语言学（psycholinguistics）、社会语言学（sociolinguistics）、民族语言学（ethnolinguistics）以及语言认知（linguistic-cognitive）视角聚焦语言与人类的交互关系。相关研究表明，语言与思维的关联在人类认知活动的塑造过程中发挥着中介作用。威廉·冯·洪堡特（Wilhelm von Humboldt）、L.S.维果茨基（L.S. Vygotsky）、A.A.波捷布尼亚（A.A. Potebnya）、E.本维尼斯特（E. Benvenist）等学者，均深入探究了语言在思维中的作用，以及通过语言构建知识与经验的过程。现代研究则聚焦语言思维（linguistic thinking）、语言意识（language consciousness）与语言人格（linguistic personality），进一步阐明了语言与人类认知及文化之间的内在关联。