Metadata for tucker trawls and bongo net hauls from F/V Great Pacific and R/V Miller Freeman multiple cruises in the Coastal Gulf of Alaska, NE Pacific, 2001-2004 (NEP project)

<p><strong>Metadata for tucker trawls and bongo net hauls in the Gulf of Alaska during 2001 - 2003</strong></p> <p>co-PI: Edward D. Cokelet (NOAA/OAR/PMEL)<br /> co-PI: Edward V. Farley (NOAA/NMFS)<br /> co-PI: Seth Danielson (IMS, U. Alaska - Fairbanks)<br /> co-PI: Ken Coyle (IMS, U. Alaska - Fairbanks)<br /> updated July 2008</p> <p><a href=\"http://www.ims.uaf.edu/GLOBEC/\" target=\"blank\">Marine Ecosystem Monitoring in the Northern Gulf of Alaska </a>web site<br /> <a href=\"http://www.ims.uaf.edu/gak1/\" target=\"blank\">GAK1 Time Series</a> web site<br /> <a href=\"http://nepglobec.bco-dmo.org/reports/cgoa_cruises/cgoa_cr_rpts.html\" target=\"blank\">cruise reports</a> web site</p> <p><strong>GLOBEC 2000: Gulf of Alaska Long-Term Observation Program</strong><br /> <em>T. Weingartner, L. Haldorson, R. Hopcroft, K. Coyle, T. E. Whitledge (all at University of Alaska, Fairbanks), T. Royer (Old Dominion University)</em></p> <p>This project is to conduct the Gulf of Alaska Long-Term Observation Program (GOA-LTOP) as part of Phase II of the Northeast Pacific (NEP) GLOBEC program. The GOA shelf supports a rich ecosystem that includes many commercially important fisheries. The basis for this productivity is enigmatic for the GOA shelf is deep, forced by downwelling-favorable winds, and fed by a massive nutrient-poor coastal freshwater discharge. Both the winds and the freshwater discharge are intimately linked to the strength and position of the Aleutian Low. The GOA ecosystem experiences substantial physical and biological changes on decadal and interannual time scales. Although some of these changes are correlated with various climatic indices a mechanistic understanding of climate change and ecosystem response is unavailable. The generic goal of this LTOP is to understand and quantify temporal (seasonal and interannual) and spatial (cross- and along-shelf) variations in the thermohaline, chemical, and biological properties and relationships of this shelf. Our proposal supports GLOBEC goals that will help: 1) retrospective studies interpret historical data, 2) design a cost-effective long-term monitoring program, 3) provide the seasonal and interannual context for concurrent mesoscale and process studies, and 4) provide boundary conditions and data sets for model evaluation. This 5-year project entails 4 field years and a fifth year for data analyses and synthesis. The field effort involves seven, 9-day interdisciplinary cruises/year in the northern GOA. The study area encompasses the 220-km long, Seward Line (sampled in the 1970s) that extends across the shelf and slope and high resolution sampling of the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC), upstream, downstream, and within Prince William Sound. The ACC is an important shelf habitat for yoy salmon migrating from nursery areas in the sound and into the GOA. The sampling effort (Table A) is year-round and motivated by seasonally significant physical and biological events affecting yoy pink salmon.</p> <p><strong><em>Table A. Sampling schedule and rationale for GOA-LTOP. (Key for Winds, Discharge and Stratification: S=strong; M=moderate; W=weak; D=downwelling winds; U=upwelling winds; V=variable; L=low; H=high) Deep water moves onshore during the July-August upwelling period.</em></strong></p> <table border=\"1\"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\">Month</th> <th colspan=\"4\" rowspan=\"1\">Sampling</th> <th colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"1\">Physical Rationale</th> <th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\">Biological Rationale</th> </tr> <tr> <td>CTD</td> <td>Nutrients</td> <td>Zoo</td> <td>Fish</td> <td>Winds</td> <td>Disch</td> <td>Strat</td> </tr> <tr> <td>March</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>D S</td> <td>L</td> <td>W</td> <td>Zooplankton migrate from depth (at shelfbreak); transported inshore.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>April</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>D M</td> <td>L-M</td> <td>W V</td> <td>Phytoplankton bloom</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>D M-W</td> <td>M</td> <td>M V</td> <td>Maximum oceanic copepod biomass.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>July</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>D/U W</td> <td>M-H</td> <td>S</td> <td>Maximum zooplankton abundance; YOY salmon enter shelf.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>August</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>D/U W</td> <td>M-H</td> <td>S</td> <td>Maximum YOY salmon abundance on shelf.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>October</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>D S</td> <td>H</td> <td>H</td> <td>YOY salmon on shelf.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>December</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>D S</td> <td>M</td> <td>M</td> <td>Fall-winter pre-conditioning for spring nutrients, small zooplankton.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>The sampling protocol follows GLOBEC guidelines and uses gear types and techniques similar to those in the Oregon LTOP that is also a part of the NEP-GLOBEC program. Most of the research will be conducted from the R/V <em>Alpha Helix</em>. Fish sampling will be done from a chartered trawler in July, August, and October. Both vessels will work together during these cruises so that the fishing charter can verify fish targets detected on the acoustics array towed from the <em>Alpha Helix</em>.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr /> <p><em>This page was last updated on September 22, 2000.<br /> <br /> Maintained by:<br /> <a href=\"mailto:[e-mail]\">Hal Batchelder [[e-mail]</a><br /> College of Oceanic &amp; Atmospheric Sciences<br /> Oregon State University<br /> Corvallis, OR 97331-5503<br /> phone: [phone]; FAX [phone] </em></p><p><strong>2001-2003年阿拉斯加湾塔克拖网(Tucker trawl)与邦戈网(Bongo net)采样元数据(Metadata)</strong></p><p>联合首席研究员：Edward D. Cokelet（美国国家海洋和大气管理局/海洋与大气研究实验室/太平洋海洋环境实验室(NOAA/OAR/PMEL)）<br />联合首席研究员：Edward V. Farley（美国国家海洋和大气管理局/国家海洋渔业服务处(NOAA/NMFS)）<br />联合首席研究员：Seth Danielson（阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校海洋科学研究所(IMS, U. Alaska - Fairbanks)）<br />联合首席研究员：Ken Coyle（阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校海洋科学研究所(IMS, U. Alaska - Fairbanks)）<br />最后更新：2008年7月</p><p><a href="http://www.ims.uaf.edu/GLOBEC/" target="blank">北阿拉斯加湾海洋生态系统监测</a>网站<br /><a href="http://www.ims.uaf.edu/gak1/" target="blank">GAK1时间序列</a>网站<br /><a href="http://nepglobec.bco-dmo.org/reports/cgoa_cruises/cgoa_cr_rpts.html" target="blank">航次报告</a>网站</p><p><strong>全球海洋生态系统动力学计划(Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics, GLOBEC)2000：阿拉斯加湾长期观测计划(GOA-LTOP)</strong><br /><em>T. Weingartner、L. Haldorson、R. Hopcroft、K. Coyle、T. E. Whitledge（均任职于阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校），T. Royer（奥多明尼昂大学）</em></p><p>本项目作为东北太平洋(Northeast Pacific, NEP)全球海洋生态系统动力学计划(GLOBEC)第二阶段的组成部分，实施阿拉斯加湾长期观测计划(GOA-LTOP)。阿拉斯加湾陆架拥有丰富的生态系统，涵盖众多具有商业价值的渔业种群。该陆架的高生产力成因较为复杂：下层水体由下行风驱动形成的深水补给，同时又受到大量营养匮乏的沿岸淡水径流的补充。风场与淡水径流均与阿留申低压的强度与位置密切相关。阿拉斯加湾生态系统在年代际与年际尺度上均发生显著的物理与生物变化。尽管部分变化与多种气候指数存在相关性，但目前仍缺乏气候变化与生态系统响应的机制性理解。本长期观测计划的总体目标是理解并量化该陆架温盐、化学与生物属性及其相互关系在时间（季节与年际）与空间（跨陆架与沿陆架）尺度上的变化。本项目旨在支持GLOBEC的核心目标，具体包括：1）辅助回顾性研究解读历史数据；2）设计具有成本效益的长期监测方案；3）为同期中尺度与过程研究提供季节与年际尺度的背景数据；4）为模型评估提供边界条件与数据集。本项目为期5年，包含4个野外作业年与1个数据分析与综合年。野外作业每年在阿拉斯加湾北部开展7次为期9天的多学科航次。研究区域涵盖总长220公里的斯沃德断面（Seward Line，20世纪70年代即开展采样），该断面横跨陆架与陆坡，并对阿拉斯加沿岸流(Alaska Coastal Current, ACC)进行高分辨率采样，覆盖其上游、下游与威廉王子湾内部。阿拉斯加沿岸流是当年生幼鲑鱼从该海湾育苗场向阿拉斯加湾洄游的重要栖息生境。本采样工作（详见表A）全年开展，旨在针对影响当年生幼粉红鲑的季节性关键物理与生物事件进行设计。</p><p><strong><em>表A. GOA-LTOP采样计划与依据。（风场、径流与层化说明：S=强；M=中等；W=弱；D=下行风；U=上行风；V=多变；L=低；H=高）。深水在7-8月的上行风期间向近岸移动。</em></strong></p><table border="1"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="2">月份</th><th colspan="4" rowspan="1">采样</th><th colspan="3" rowspan="1">物理依据</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="2">生物依据</th></tr><tr><td>温盐深剖面仪(CTD)</td><td>营养盐</td><td>浮游动物</td><td>鱼类</td><td>风场</td><td>径流</td><td>层化</td></tr><tr><td>3月</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>D S</td><td>L</td><td>W</td><td>浮游动物从陆坡深水区域向近岸迁移。</td></tr><tr><td>4月</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>D M</td><td>L-M</td><td>W V</td><td>浮游植物水华</td></tr><tr><td>5月</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>D M-W</td><td>M</td><td>M V</td><td>海洋桡足类生物量达到峰值。</td></tr><tr><td>7月</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>D/U W</td><td>M-H</td><td>S</td><td>浮游动物丰度达到峰值；当年生幼鲑鱼进入陆架区域。</td></tr><tr><td>8月</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>D/U W</td><td>M-H</td><td>S</td><td>陆架上当年生幼鲑鱼丰度达到峰值。</td></tr><tr><td>10月</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>D S</td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td>陆架上存在当年生幼鲑鱼种群。</td></tr><tr><td>12月</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>D S</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>为春季营养盐与小型浮游动物提供秋冬预适应环境。</td></tr></tbody></table><p>&nbsp;</p><p>本采样方案遵循GLOBEC规范，使用的设备类型与技术与同为NEP-GLOBEC项目组成部分的俄勒冈州长期观测计划(Oregon LTOP)相似。大部分研究工作由“Alpha Helix”号研究船(Research Vessel, R/V)执行。鱼类采样将于7月、8月与10月在租用拖网渔船时开展。在此类航次中，两艘船将协同作业，以便租用拖网渔船验证由“Alpha Helix”号拖曳的声学阵列探测到的鱼类目标。</p><p>&nbsp;</p><hr /><p><em>本页面最后更新于2000年9月22日。<br /><br />维护者：<br /><a href="mailto:[e-mail]">Hal Batchelder [[e-mail]]</a><br />海洋与大气科学学院<br />俄勒冈州立大学<br />科瓦利斯，俄勒冈州 97331-5503<br />电话：541-737-4500；传真：541-737-2064 </em></p>