Supplementary Online Material Table S1: Trabecular data of the hand and foot in a primate sample

Modern primates differ in their ontogenetic locomotor strategies. Given the wide spectrum of locomotor differences and phylogenetic relatedness among the hominoids Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmaeus, Homo sapiens, and the cercopithecoid Macaca mulatta, this study tests the hypothesis that taxa with substantial locomotor shifts through ontogeny will show significant shifts in trabecular patterning through ontogeny. Trabecular architecture is quantified here in the capitate, third metacarpal, lateral cuneiform, and third metatarsal bones of dentally-defined age groups representing juveniles, adolescents, and adults for each taxon. Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th.) and Bone surface area/Bone volume (BS/BV) showed changes through growth across all bones and taxa, while significant changes in trabecular number (Tb.N) through ontogeny characterized the hands and feet of Pan, Gorilla, and Macaca. Degree of anisotropy (DA) partially met expectations of showing significant change in the Pan and Macaca hand and foot, though the hypothesis was supported when DA was assessed in combination with trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp.) as a potential indicator of loading uniformity. This study is the first to assess trabecular change through ontogeny in multiple bones and across several taxa, and finds that trabecular bone shifts in structural property through ontogeny in line with locomotor change in these taxa.

现生灵长类的个体发育运动策略存在差异。鉴于黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）、大猩猩（Gorilla gorilla）、婆罗洲猩猩（Pongo pygmaeus）、智人（Homo sapiens）等类人猿总科（hominoids）物种，以及猕猴科（cercopithecoid）的猕猴（Macaca mulatta）之间存在广泛的运动模式差异与系统发育关联，本研究旨在验证如下假说：个体发育过程中运动模式发生显著转变的类群，其骨小梁结构（trabecular architecture）模式也会随个体发育出现显著变化。
本研究对各分类群中代表幼体、亚成体与成体的、基于牙齿发育划分的年龄组的头状骨（capitate）、第三掌骨（third metacarpal）、外侧楔骨（lateral cuneiform）与第三跖骨（third metatarsal）开展骨小梁结构量化分析。研究结果显示，骨小梁厚度（trabecular thickness, Tb.Th.）与骨表面积/骨体积比（bone surface area/bone volume, BS/BV）在所有骨骼与所有分类群中均随生长发生改变；而骨小梁数量（trabecular number, Tb.N）随个体发育的显著变化，是黑猩猩属、大猩猩属与猕猴属手足骨骼的典型特征。
各向异性程度（degree of anisotropy, DA）仅部分契合研究预期：在黑猩猩属与猕猴属的手足骨骼中，DA并未完全呈现出显著变化；但当将DA与骨小梁间距（trabecular spacing, Tb.Sp.）结合作为载荷均匀性的潜在评估指标时，本研究提出的假说得到了支持。
本研究首次针对多个分类群的多块骨骼，开展个体发育过程中的骨小梁变化分析，结果表明：上述类群的骨小梁结构属性随个体发育产生的改变，与其运动模式的变化相一致。